Table 1.

PICOS

PICOs	Inclusion Criteria	Exclusion Criteria
Population	• Licenced physicians in training. These are doctors who have graduated from medical school and completed their pre-registration postings and are fully licenced physicians and who are in training positions.	• Specialists who have completed their training • Physicians who have completed or who have left training programs • Physicians who are not in training schemes or programs • Medical Students • Allied health specialties such as Pharmacy, Dietetics, Chiropractic, Midwifery, Podiatry, Speech Therapy, Occupational and Physiotherapy • Non-medical specialties such as Clinical and Translational Science, Alternative and Traditional Medicine, Veterinary, Dentistry
Intervention	• Remediation programmes in the academic, professional and clinical context as part of a training program in any field of medicine	• Poor characterisation of remediation processes.
Comparison	• Comparisons of the various practices in remediation programmes (approaches, modalities, processes, objectives, motivations, challenges, facilitating characteristics/resources)
Outcome	• Impact of remediation programmes on host organisation and other relevant stakeholders. • Evaluation of remediation processes by institutions
Study design	• Articles in English or translated to English • All study designs including mixed methods research, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, descriptive papers, opinion pieces and grey literature • Years of Publication: 1 January 1990–31 December 2021 • Databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ERIC, Google Scholar, ASSIA, DARE, PsycINFO