Table 3.

Modalities for Remediating Knowledge

Modality	References
Case discussions	[3, 68, 69, 72, 83, 86, 87, 110, 113, 137]
Clinical tutorials, workshops (Didactic and Educational Activity)	[3, 69, 86, 95, 96, 99, 110, 128, 140, 141]
Lectures	[67, 69, 70, 83]
Online courses, assignments, quizzes	[82, 132, 133, 138]
Repeat/increased clinical rotations	[18, 66, 77, 89, 128, 130, 132, 136]
Readings	[3, 65–67, 86, 89, 110, 128, 131, 137]