Table 5.
DSM-5 symptoms | Four-factor DSM-5 model | Six-factor Anhedonia model | Seven-factor Hybrid model |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factor | Factor Loads | Factor | Factor Loads | Factor | Factor Loads | |
1. Repeated memories | R | 0.62 | R | 0.62 | R | 0.62 |
2. Repeated dreams | R | 0.62 | R | 0.62 | R | 0.62 |
3. Flashbacks | R | 0.60 | R | 0.60 | R | 0.60 |
4. Upset when reminded | R | 0.68 | R | 0.67 | R | 0.67 |
5. Physical reaction when reminded | R | 0.57 | R | 0.57 | R | 0.56 |
6. Avoidance of thoughts | A | 0.66 | A | 0.66 | A | 0.66 |
7. Avoidance of reminders | A | 0.61 | A | 0.61 | A | 0.61 |
8. Trouble remembering | NACM | 0.52 | NA | 0.52 | NA | 0.52 |
9. Negative beliefs | NACM | 0.67 | NA | 0.73 | NA | 0.73 |
10. Blame of self or others | NACM | 0.60 | NA | 0.67 | NA | 0.67 |
11. Negative feelings | NACM | 0.62 | NA | 0.67 | NA | 0.67 |
12. Loss of interest | NACM | 0.68 | An | 0.71 | An | 0.71 |
13. Feeling distant | NACM | 0.69 | An | 0.73 | An | 0.73 |
14. Trouble positive feelings | NACM | 0.67 | An | 0.70 | An | 0.70 |
15. Irritable behavior | AR | 0.74 | DA | 0.74 | EB | 0.73 |
16. Reckless behavior | AR | 0.57 | DA | 0.56 | EB | 0.56 |
17. Being super alert | AR | 0.21 | AA | 0.25 | AA | 0.25 |
18. Feeling jumpy | AR | 0.71 | AA | 0.92 | AA | 0.91 |
19. Difficulty concentrating | AR | 0.72 | DA | 0.72 | DA | 0.76 |
20. Trouble sleeping | AR | 0.62 | DA | 0.60 | DA | 0.64 |
R Re-experiencing, A Avoidance, NACM Negative alterations in cognitions and mood, AR Alterations in arousal and reactivity, NA Negative affect, An Anhedonia, DA Dysphoric arousal, AA Anxious arousal, EB Externalizing behaviors