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. 2022 Apr 20;10(8):e15253. doi: 10.14814/phy2.15253

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Effects of sham‐taVNS and taVNS on concentrations of blood glucose (top left), plasma glucagon (top right), plasma insulin (bottom left), and plasma C‐peptide (bottom right) in response to ingestion of a high‐calorie beverage (second protocol). Concentrations before (white columns) and after (grey columns) the taVNS or sham‐taVNS interventions are shown. Data are presented as box‐whisker plots (median, upper/lower quartile, upper/lower extreme). *: p < 0.05 before versus after intervention (paired t‐test)