Table 3.
Prevalence rates of uremic sarcopenia among different studies
| Author | Population | Age (years) | Definition | Prevalence | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kim et al., 2014 [81] | 95 prevalent HD patients | 63.9±10.0 | EWGOSP, 2010 | 33.7% | Sarcopenia is associated with subjective global assessment, inflammatory markers, beta2-microglobulin, depression and cognitive dysfunction. |
| Isoyama et al., 2014 [13] | 330 incident dialysis patients | 53±13 | EWGOSP, 2010 | 20% | Low muscle strength was more closely associated with aging, protein-energy wasting, physical inactivity, inflammation, and mortality than low muscle mass. |
| Ren et al., 2016 [82] | 131 prevalent HD patients | 49.4±11.7 | EWGOSP, 2010 | 13.7% | 1. The prevalence of sarcopenia increased with age. 2. Dialysis duration, diabetes, serum phosphorus level and malnutrition are the predisposing factors for sarcopenia. 3. The 1-year mortality risk of sarcopenic patients was higher than that of non-sarcopenic patients. |
| Kittiskulnam et al., 2017 [80] | 645 prevalent HD patients | 56.7±14.5 | Low SMI: (A) muscle mass/height2 (kg/m2): <7.89 in men and 6.05 in female (B) muscle mass/weight (%): 32.68 in men and 27.85 in female (C) muscle mass/BSA (kg/m2): 14.31 in men and 11.64 in female (D) muscle mass/BMI (m2): 0.97 in men and 0.72 in female Low HGS: <30 kg for men and<20 kg for women |
(A) 3.9% (B) 11.4% (C) 15.9% (D) 14.0% |
1. Skeletal muscle mass normalized to height square may underestimate the prevalence of low muscle mass, particularly among overweight and obese patients. 2. Valid detection of sarcopenia among obese patients receiving HD requires adjustment for body size. |
| Bataille et al., 2017 [14] | 111 prevalent HD patients | 77.5 (70.8-84.8) | EWGSOP, 2010 | 31.5% | Regarding the low muscle strength in the large majority of HD patients, the diagnosis of sarcopenia was mainly driven by muscle mass measurement. |
| As’habi et al., 2018 [83] | 79 prevalent PD patients | 18 to 40 years: 21.5% 41 to 64 years: 52.0% ≥ 65 years: 26.5% |
EWGSOP, 2010 | 11.5% | 1. Dynapenia was associated with age, physical activity level, and the presence of diabetes mellitus. 2. Male patients had a significantly higher prevalence of sarcopenia than female patients. |
| Giglio et al., 2018 [24] | 170 prevalent HD patients | 70±7 | EWGSOP, 2010 | 36.5% | 1. Reduced muscle mass was strongly associated with poor nutritional status, while low muscle strength was associated with worse quality of life. 2. Low muscle strength alone and sarcopenia were independently associated with higher hospitalization, and sarcopenia was a predictor of mortality. |
| Mori et al., 2019 [12] | 308 prevalent HD patients | 54.4±11.0 (non-sarcopenic patients) 63.5±11.0 (sarcopenic patients) |
AWGS, 2014 | 40% | 1. Patients with sarcopenia exhibited a higher all-cause mortality rate than those without sarcopenia. 2. Diabetes mellitus was independently associated with sarcopenia and was an independent risk factor of all-cause mortality. |
| Lin et al., 2020 [84] | 126 prevalent HD patients | 63.2±13.0 | EWGOSP, 2010 Taiwanese criteria | 13.5% 8.7% |
1. Sarcopenia was associated with 3-year mortality. However, in patients without sarcopenia, close associations between increased hospitalization and mortality risk with low handgrip strength and slow gait speed remained unchanged. 2. Muscle quality and serum creatinine were independently associated with composite outcomes of hospitalization or death. |
| Abro et al., 2020 [85] | 155 Prevalent PD patients | 63.0±14.9 | FNIH EWGSOP, 2011 AWGS, 2014 |
11.0-15.5 | 1. The prevalence of sarcopenia in PD was much lower compared to studies in HD patients. 2. There was similar prevalence of sarcopenia using EWGSOP, FNIH, AWGS definitions. |
EWGOSP, 2010: low ASMI: <7.23 kg/m2 in men and<5.67 kg/m2 in women or low SMI: <10.76 kg/m2 in men and<6.76 kg/m2 in women; low HGS: <30 kg for men and<20 kg for women; slow GS: ≤ 0.8 m/s . AWGS, 2014: low ASMI: <7.0 kg/m2 in men and<5.7 kg/m2 in women; low HGS: <26 kg for men and<18 kg for women; slow GS: ≤ 0.8 m/s . Taiwan criteria: low SMI: <8.87 kg/m2 in men; <6.42 kg/m2 in women (≥ 2 SD below the means of healthy young Taiwanese adults); low HGS: <26 kg for men and<18 kg for women; slow GS: ≤ 0.8 m/s