Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and olfaction variables.
| Variable | Healthy Young (n = 10) | Healthy Old (n = 10) | p-value (Young vs. Old) | AD Patients (n = 12) | p-value (Old vs. AD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||
|
| |||||
| Age, mean years | 23.9 (5.4) | 71.6 (7.8) | <0.001 | 69.4 (10.3) | 0.60 |
| Sex, % female | 50.0 | 40.0 | 0.50 | 58.0 | 0.30 |
| Education, years completed | 15.4 (2.4) | 16.8 (3.4) | 0.31 | 14.6 (3.2) | 0.10 |
| Handedness, % right | 90.0 | 100.0 | 0.50 | 100.0 | — |
| Self-Reported Ethnicity | |||||
| White/Non-Hispanic, % | 70.0 | 80.0 | 67.0 | ||
| Black/Non-Hispanic, % | 0.0 | 10.0 | 0.17 | 0.0 | 0.40 |
| Hispanics, % | 0.0 | 10.0 | 25.0 | ||
| Asian, % | 30.0 | 0.0 | 8.0 | ||
| Folstein MMSE (max = 30) | 29.8 (0.4) | 28.9 (1.0) | 0.02 | 22.9 (3.2) | <0.001 |
| Folstein MMSE Recall at 5 min (max = 3) | 3 (–) | 3 (–) | – | 1.1 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| Sniffin’ Sticks Threshold (max = 16) | 8.9 (2.3) | 7.8 (1.9) | 0.29 | 4.5 (3.0) | 0.005 |
| UPSIT score (max = 40) | 36.7 (1.9) | 34.7 (3.6) | 0.15 | 23.4 (8.1) | 0.001 |
| PIT (max = 40) | 40 (0.0) | 39.7 (0.5) | 0.07 | 38.1 (2.7) | 0.06 |
| fMRI Odor Detection Task (% accuracy) | 98 (3.5) | 97 (4.8) | 0.60 | 64 (29.4) | 0.003 |