Table I.
Baseline characteristics of patients.
| Parameters | Cohort | Stable patients | Progressed patients | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, n | 207 | 162 | 45 | |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.127 | |||
| Male | 35 (16.9) | 24 (14.8) | 11 (24.4) | |
| Female | 172 (83.1) | 138 (85.2) | 34 (75.6) | |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 12.8 (1.2) | 12.9 (1.1) | 12.6 (1.3) | 0.118 |
| Mean prebrace Cobb angle, ° (SD) | 31.7 (7.3) | 31.4 (6.1) | 32.7 (10.7) | 0.414 |
| Mean outcome Cobb angle, ° (SD) | 31.4 (11.1) | 27.7 (7.2) | 45.0 (12.1) | < 0.001 |
| Post-menarche, n (% of females) | 95 (57.6) | 83 (62.4) | 12 (37.5) | 0.010 |
| Mean standing height, cm (SD) | 155.9 (7.1) | 156.2 (7.0) | 154.9 (7.4) | 0.293 |
| Mean sitting height, cm (SD) | 83.0 (4.8) | 83.4 (4.5) | 81.3 (5.3) | 0.009 |
| Mean arm span, cm (SD) | 155.7 (27.4) | 156.6 (28.6) | 152.5 (22.7) | 0.381 |
| Mean weight, kg (SD) | 43.0 (6.7) | 43.3 (6.1) | 41.7 (8.5) | 0.151 |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 17.6 (2.1) | 17.7 (2.0) | 17.3 (2.6) | 0.262 |
| Risser stage, n (%) | 0.045 | |||
| 0 | 65 (34.9) | 43 (29.7) | 22 (53.7) | |
| 1 | 36 (19.4) | 27 (18.6) | 9 (22.0) | |
| 2 | 49 (26.3) | 43 (29.7) | 6 (14.6) | |
| 3 | 29 (15.6) | 25 (17.2) | 4 (9.8) | |
| 4 | 6 (3.2) | 6 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 5 | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Radius grade, n (%) | 0.070 | |||
| 5 | 5 (3.3) | 2 (1.8) | 3 (8.1) | |
| 6 | 26 (17.3) | 16 (14.2) | 10 (27.0) | |
| 7 | 41 (27.3) | 31 (27.4) | 10 (27.0) | |
| 8 | 74 (49.3) | 60 (53.1) | 14 (37.8) | |
| 9 | 4 (2.7) | 4 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Ulna grade, n (%) | 0.059 | |||
| 3 | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.7) | |
| 4 | 5 (2.4) | 3 (2.7) | 2 (5.4) | |
| 5 | 34 (16.4) | 21 (18.6) | 13 (35.7) | |
| 6 | 69 (33.3) | 53 (46.9) | 16 (43.2) | |
| 7 | 40 (19.3) | 35 (31.0) | 5 (13.5) | |
| 8 | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Mean thoracic rib hump, ° (SD) | 7.3 (3.1) | 7.2 (3.2) | 7.8 (3.1) | 0.296 |
| Mean lumbar rib hump, ° (SD) | 6.8 (3.1) | 6.8 (3.0) | 6.9 (3.7) | 0.930 |
| Mean compliance, hr (SD) | 13.2 (6.2) | 14.1 (6.0) | 9.8 (5.6) | < 0.001 |
| Mean T5–T12 kyphosis, ° (SD) | 17.8 (10.7) | 17.9 (10.8) | 17.6 (10.1) | 0.885 |
| Mean L1–S1 lordosis, ° (SD) | 52.9 (13.1) | 52.7 (13.2) | 53.5 (13.0) | 0.705 |
| Mean SS, ° (SD) | 41.0 (10.6) | 40.4 (10.3) | 43.2 (11.6) | 0.129 |
| Mean PI, ° (SD) | 47.3 (13.4) | 46.7 (13.5) | 49.6 (12.8) | 0.206 |
| Mean PT, ° (SD) | 7.8 (8.6) | 8.0 (8.9) | 6.9 (7.4) | 0.458 |
| Mean sagittal vertical axis, cm (SD) | 19.2 (14.8) | 19.9 (15.0) | 16.5 (13.8) | 0.167 |
| Mean shoulder height, cm (SD) | 7.3 (5.8) | 7.2 (5.4) | 7.8 (7.1) | 0.567 |
| Mean truncal shift, cm (SD) | 11.8 (8.9) | 11.9 (9.1) | 11.4 (8.6) | 0.738 |
| Mean C7–CSVL, cm (SD) | 13.8 (9.8) | 13.8 (9.8) | 13.7 (9.8) | 0.934 |
| Mean T1 tilt, ° (SD) | 3.9 (3.6) | 3.8 (3.5) | 4.2 (3.7) | 0.513 |
| Curve type, n (%) | 0.040 | |||
| Thoracic | 110 (53.1) | 80 (49.4) | 30 (66.7) | |
| Lumbar | 97 (46.9) | 82 (50.4) | 15 (33.3) | |
| Mean apical vertebra wedging, ° (SD) | 5.0 (2.5) | 4.8 (2.4) | 5.7 (2.8) | 0.038 |
| Mean change in apical vertebra wedging, ° (SD) | 0.6 (3.6) | 0.2 (3.2) | 2.1 (4.8) | 0.012 |
| Mean upper disc angulation, ° (SD) | 5.0 (3.0) | 5.0 (3.0) | 5.0 (3.0) | 0.874 |
| Mean lower disc angulation, ° (SD) | 4.9 (3.0) | 4.8 (2.8) | 5.0 (3.5) | 0.660 |
| Mean apical ratio (SD) | 1.2 (0.7) | 1.2 (0.7) | 1.2 (0.1) | 0.793 |
| Mean flexibility, % (SD) | 23.2 (15.6) | 25.5 (14.5) | 14.9 (17.1) | < 0.001 |
| Mean correction rate, % (SD) | 33.7 (19.5) | 37.3 (18.1) | 20.9 (18.9) | < 0.001 |
*
Independent-samples t-test.
CSVL, central sacral vertical line; PI, pelvic incidence; PT, pelvic tilt; SD, standard deviation; SS, sacral slope.