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. 2022 Apr 20:1–22. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s11469-022-00816-y

Table 9.

Descriptives and ANOVA results

Profiles N Mean SD F p Post hoc (Tukey HSD)
Excessive behavior Profile 1 221 8.1538 2.39959 230.155 0.000 1–2,3,4
Profile 2 112 10.2589 2.91855 2–1,3,4
Profile 3 189 13.5926 3.04892 3–1,2,4
Profile 4 66 16.6515 2.57498 4–1,2,3
Compulsive behavior Profile 1 221 14.4253 3.82338 503.188 0.000 1–2,3,4
Profile 2 112 19.25 4.50125 2–1,3,4
Profile 3 189 27.3915 4.2608 3–1,2,4
Profile 4 66 32.1818 4.06073 4–1,2,3
Loss of control Profile 1 221 4.009 1.33482 98.469 0.000 1–2,3,4
Profile 2 112 5.5982 1.95655 2–1,3,4
Profile 3 189 6.5767 2.59309 3–1,2,4
Profile 4 66 8.5606 2.83456 4–1,2,3
Mobile social online gaming addiction Profile 1 221 0.4072 0.64438 615.726 0.000 1–2,3,4
Profile 2 112 3.7143 1.16579 2–1,3,4
Profile 3 189 0.6402 0.86151 3–1,2,4
Profile 4 66 4.4848 1.26786 4–1,2,3
General Mattering Profile 1 221 10.3937 3.85578 5.036 0.002 1–3,4
Profile 2 112 11.1875 3.70423 3–1
Profile 3 189 11.7249 3.7329 4- 1
Profile 4 66 11.7576 3.55641
Family sense of belonging Profile 1 221 17.3801 5.1204 0.861 0.461
Profile 2 112 16.5089 5.37092
Profile 3 189 16.7566 5.23023
Profile 4 66 17.000 5.00769
Daily social media usage time (hours) Profile 1 221 3.4525 2.28806 9.989 0.000 1–3,4
Profile 2 112 3.9955 2.51974 2- 4
Profile 3 189 4.2659 2.59136 3–1,4
Profile 4 66 5.2424 2.5241 4–1,2,3
Daily online game play time (hours) Profile 1 221 0.8382 1.38954 31.821 0.000 1–2,4
Profile 2 112 1.9129 1.69449 2–1,3
Profile 3 189 0.6455 1.12337 3–2,4
Profile 4 66 2.1061 1.79854 4–1,3
Daily TV viewing time (hours) Profile 1 221 1.3258 1.38341 2.414 0.066
Profile 2 112 1.375 1.25831
Profile 3 189 1.7235 1.92943
Profile 4 66 1.5303 1.48033
Daily computer and tablet usage time (hours) Profile 1 221 2.324 2.7221 2.226 0.084
Profile 2 112 3.098 3.2493
Profile 3 189 2.907 3.7813
Profile 4 66 3.227 3.7858
Daily smartphone usage time (hours) Profile 1 221 5.000 3.1388 10.153 0.000 1–3,4
Profile 2 112 5.804 2.9373 2- 4
Profile 3 189 5.936 3.4393 3–1,4
Profile 4 66 7.409 3.1426 4–1,2,3