Table 2.
Minimal Stigma |
Select Social Stigma |
Homonegativism |
Multiform Racism |
Compound Stigma |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Covariates | ||||||||||
Age | - | - | 0.92 | [0.83, 1.02] | 0.90 | [0.80, 1.02] | 1.08 | [0.97, 1.21] | 1.11 | [0.96, 1.28] |
Black | - | - | 0.69 | [0.37, 1.30] | 1.32 | [0.66, 2.61] | 2.59 | [1.43, 4.70] | 6.19 | [2.73, 14.03] |
Afro-Latino | - | - | 0.73 | [0.37, 1.45] | 0.96 | [0.49, 1.90] | 1.76 | [0.96, 3.22] | 3.64 | [1.58, 8.39] |
Gay | - | - | 2.01 | [1.19, 3.41] | 1.28 | [0.74, 2.21] | 1.28 | [0.77, 2.14] | 0.73 | [0.38, 1.40] |
People living with HIV | - | - | 0.74 | [0.41, 1.36] | 0.71 | [0.34, 1.50] | 0.70 | [0.37, 1.32] | 0.68 | [0.30, 1.54] |
Sociostructural Burden | ||||||||||
≤High School Education | - | - | 0.53 | [0.33, 0.85] | 0.66 | [0.39, 1.12] | 0.43 | [0.26, 0.69] | 0.43 | [0.22, 0.86] |
Unemployment | - | - | 1.04 | [0.61, 1.78] | 2.01 | [1.17, 3.47] | 2.13 | [1.37, 3.32] | 2.25 | [1.27, 3.99] |
Sex Exchange | - | - | 2.06 | [1.01, 4.18] | 2.17 | [1.01, 4.65] | 3.79 | [1.92, 7.46] | 3.61 | [1.59, 8.21] |
Unmet Basic Needs | - | - | 1.00 | [0.83, 1.20] | 1.07 | [0.88, 1.30] | 1.01 | [0.85, 1.19] | 1.08 | [0.89, 1.30] |
Food Insecurity | - | - | 1.71 | [1.03, 2.85] | 2.14 | [1.22, 3.76] | 1.98 | [1.23, 3.19] | 4.53 | [2.50, 8.21] |
Unstable Housing | - | - | 0.81 | [0.35, 1.88] | 1.83 | [0.92, 3.61] | 0.92 | [0.48, 1.75] | 2.05 | [1.10, 3.84] |
History of Incarceration | - | - | 0.79 | [0.34, 1.82] | 0.69 | [0.32, 1.53] | 0.62 | [0.28, 1.38] | 0.45 | [0.18, 1.17] |
Note. n=435, i=1949. OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval. Bold indicates a significant effect at p<.05. All variables are binary, excluding continuous age and unmet basic needs. All estimates are classification-error corrected using the R3STEP approach in Mplus v 8.4.