Figure 7. Interaction between the host immune system and microbiota.

(A) Correlation of difference between baseline and end of maintenance was calculated for each parameter and percent of significant pairwise correlations between microbe and host assays were plotted. Light grey denotes correlations with a p-value adjust ≤ 0.05, dark grey shows p-value adjust ≤ 0.01 (corrected using Benjamini-Hochberg hypothesis correction).

(B) Positive and negative correlations between host proteins annotated by disease or function (source: Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) and CAZymes.

(C) Changes in stool butyrate levels vs. blood B-cell frequency changes from baseline (week −3 stool, week −2 blood) to end of maintenance (week 10) for both high-fiber (green) and high-fermented food (purple) arms. B cells are defined as CD45+CD66-CD3-CD19- (Figure S3); frequency quantified as B cell frequency as a fraction of CD45+CD66- cells.

(D) Correlations between CAZymes (colored by CAZy family) and immune cells signaling capacity for various cell types and stimulatory cytokines.