Table 1:
Characteristics of cohort (by race/ethnicity) n=9,816 (excluding any patients missing information on race/ethnicity, insurance status, or transferred out)
| White | Black | Hispanic | Other | Total | P value a | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| N. | % | N. | % | N. | % | N. | % | N. | % | |||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Age (years) | 0 | 880 | 18·9 | 444 | 26·8 | 499 | 19·9 | 249 | 25·3 | 2,072 | 21·1 | <0·001 |
| 1–5 | 681 | 14·6 | 234 | 14·1 | 402 | 16·1 | 180 | 18·3 | 1,497 | 15·3 | ||
| 6–12 | 757 | 16·2 | 265 | 16·0 | 515 | 20·6 | 168 | 17·0 | 1,705 | 17·4 | ||
| 13–17 | 931 | 19·9 | 275 | 16·6 | 480 | 19·2 | 143 | 14·5 | 1,829 | 18·6 | ||
| 18–20 | 1,419 | 30·4 | 440 | 26·5 | 608 | 24·3 | 246 | 25·0 | 2,713 | 27·6 | ||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Sex | Male | 2,239 | 48·0 | 768 | 46·3 | 1,214 | 48·5 | 490 | 49·7 | 4,711 | 48·0 | 0·35 |
| Female | 2,427 | 52·0 | 890 | 53·7 | 1,289 | 51·5 | 496 | 50·3 | 5,102 | 52·0 | ||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Complex chronic condition | No | 1,351 | 28·9 | 366 | 22·1 | 631 | 25·2 | 261 | 26·5 | 2,609 | 26·6 | <0·001 |
| Yes | 3,317 | 71·1 | 1,292 | 77·9 | 1,873 | 74·8 | 725 | 73·5 | 7,207 | 73·4 | ||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Payer | Medicare | 46 | 1·0 | 28 | 1·7 | 18 | 0·7 | 10 | 1·0 | 102 | 1·0 | <0·001 |
| Medicaid | 1,889 | 40·5 | 1,137 | 68·6 | 1,722 | 68·8 | 535 | 54·3 | 5,283 | 53·8 | ||
| Private insurance | 2,420 | 51·8 | 379 | 22·9 | 510 | 20·4 | 361 | 36·6 | 3,670 | 37·4 | ||
| Self-Pay | 120 | 2·6 | 48 | 2·9 | 100 | 4·0 | 30 | 3·0 | 298 | 3·0 | ||
| No Charge | 11 | 0·2 | 3 | 0·2 | 4 | 0·2 | 3 | 0·3 | 21 | 0·2 | ||
| Other | 182 | 3·9 | 63 | 3·8 | 150 | 6·0 | 47 | 4·8 | 442 | 4·5 | ||
|
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| Median Household Income for patient’s zip code | $0 - $42,999 | 1,103 | 24·1 | 863 | 52·9 | 1,025 | 41·5 | 275 | 28·7 | 3,266 | 33·9 | <0·001 |
| $43,000 - $53,999 | 1,182 | 25·8 | 336 | 20·6 | 592 | 24·0 | 183 | 19·1 | 2,293 | 23·8 | ||
| $54,000 - $70,999 | 1,204 | 26·3 | 261 | 16·0 | 544 | 22·0 | 247 | 25·8 | 2,256 | 23·4 | ||
| $71,000+ | 1,094 | 23·9 | 170 | 10·4 | 309 | 12·5 | 253 | 26·4 | 1,826 | 18·9 | ||
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| Hospital region | Northeast | 732 | 15·7 | 275 | 16·6 | 291 | 11·6 | 228 | 23·1 | 1,526 | 15·6 | <0·001 |
| Midwest | 1,346 | 28·8 | 387 | 23·3 | 212 | 8·5 | 139 | 14·1 | 2,084 | 21·2 | ||
| South | 1,666 | 35·7 | 825 | 49·8 | 913 | 36·5 | 249 | 25·3 | 3,653 | 37·2 | ||
| West | 924 | 19·8 | 171 | 10·3 | 1,088 | 43·5 | 370 | 37·5 | 2,553 | 26·0 | ||
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| Hospital location | Rural | 97 | 2·1 | 14 | 0·8 | 8 | 0·3 | 9 | 0·9 | 128 | 1·3 | <0·001 |
| Urban nonteaching | 437 | 9·4 | 100 | 6·0 | 280 | 11·2 | 74 | 7·5 | 891 | 9·1 | ||
| Urban teaching | 4,134 | 88·6 | 1,544 | 93·1 | 2,216 | 88·5 | 903 | 91·6 | 8,797 | 89·6 | ||
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| Hospital control | Government, nonfederal | 486 | 10·4 | 243 | 14·7 | 266 | 10·6 | 104 | 10·6 | 1,099 | 11·2 | <0·001 |
| Private, not-profit | 3,864 | 82·8 | 1,269 | 76·5 | 1,980 | 79·1 | 814 | 82·6 | 7,927 | 80·8 | ||
| Private, invest-own | 318 | 6·8 | 146 | 8·8 | 258 | 10·3 | 68 | 6·9 | 790 | 8·1 | ||
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| Outcome | Mortality (%) | 627 | 13·4 | 305 | 18·4 | 342 | 13·7 | 158 | 16·0 | 1,432 | 14·6 | <0·001 |
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| Median | (IQR) | Median | (IQR) | Median | (IQR) | Median | (IQR) | Median | (IQR) | |||
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| Length of stay (all) | 8 | (4–18) | 10 | (5–24) | 10 | (4–23) | 10 | (5–22) | 9 | (4–21) | ||
| Length of stay (survivors) | 8 | (4–17) | 11 | (5–22) | 9 | (5–21) | 9 | (5–21) | 9 | (4–19) | ||
a
Chi squared test, or ANOVA on ranks