Table 1.
Patient characteristics at baseline comparisons before and after propensity score matching.
| Variables | Prematching | Postmatching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-IVP group (n = 1576) | IVP group (n = 590) | p value | Non-IVP group (n = 531) | IVP group (n = 531) | p value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Gender, n (%) | 0.043∗ | 0.565 | ||||
| Male | 494 (31.3%) | 212 (35.9%) | 187 (35.2%) | 196 (36.9z5) | ||
| Female | 1082 (68.7%) | 378 (64.1%) | 344 (64.8%) | 335 (63.1%) | ||
| Age, years | 79.0 ± 7.2 | 79.2 ± 7.3 | 0.510 | 79.0 ± 7.4 | 79.3 ± 7.2 | 0.518 |
| Age group, n (%) | 0.142 | 0.174 | ||||
| 65–69 | 172 (10.9%) | 60 (10.2%) | 60 (11.3%) | 51 (9.6%) | ||
| 70–79 | 639 (40.5%) | 230 (39.0%) | 218 (41.1%) | 211 (39.7%) | ||
| 80–89 | 655 (41.6%) | 251 (42.5%) | 215 (40.5%) | 225 (42.4%) | ||
| 90–99 | 103 (6.5%) | 49 (8.3%) | 34 (6.4%) | 44 (8.3%) | ||
| ≥100 | 7 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | 0.937 | 0.939 | ||||
| Normal (BMI < 24) | 1023 (64.9%) | 384 (65.1%) | 345 (65.0%) | 347 (65.3%) | ||
| Overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 28) | 431 (27.3%) | 163 (27.6%) | 146 (27.5%) | 147 (27.7%) | ||
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 28) | 122 (7.7%) | 43 (7.3%) | 40 (7.5%) | 37 (7.0%) | ||
| Residence | <0.001∗ | 0.413 | ||||
| Rural | 670 (42.5%) | 189 (32.0%) | 199 (37.5%) | 212 (39.9%) | ||
| Urban | 906 (57.5%) | 401 (68.0%) | 332 (62.5%) | 319 (60.1%) | ||
| Smoking history (Yes) | 186 (11.8%) | 90 (15.3%) | 0.032∗ | 87 (16.4%) | 78 (14.7%) | 0.446 |
| Drinking history (Yes) | 373 (23.7%) | 157 (26.6%) | 0.156 | 130 (24.5%) | 134 (25.2%0 | 0.776 |
|
| ||||||
| Injury-related data | ||||||
| Fracture type, n (%) | <0.001∗ | 0.422 | ||||
| Stable (A1.1–A2.1) | 928 (58.9%) | 252 (42.7%) | 244 (46.0%) | 231 (43.5%) | ||
| Unstable (A2.2–A3.3) | 648 (41.1%) | 338 (57.3%) | 287 (54.0%) | 300 (56.5%) | ||
| Time from injury to surgery, days | 6.1 ± 3.1 | 5.9 ± 3.3 | 0.100 | 6.0 ± 3.1 | 6.0 ± 3.3 | 0.766 |
|
| ||||||
| Surgery-related data | ||||||
| ASA, n (%) | 0.713 | 0.859 | ||||
| 1 | 306 (19.4%) | 110 (18.6%) | 101 (19.0%) | 99 (18.6%) | ||
| 2 | 451 (28.6%) | 184 (31.2%) | 152 (28.6%0 | 164 (30.9%) | ||
| 3 | 575 (36.5%) | 200 (33.9%) | 196 (36.9%) | 181 (34.1%) | ||
| 4 | 206 (13.1%) | 82 (13.9%) | 72 (13.6%) | 75 (14.1%) | ||
| 5 | 38 (2.4%) | 14 (2.4%) | 10 (1.9%0 | 12 (2.3%) | ||
| mECM, n (%) | 0.580 | 0.752 | ||||
| <0 | 31 (2.0%) | 13 (2.2%) | 12 (2.3%) | 13 (2.4%) | ||
| 0 | 804 (51.0%) | 278 (47.1%) | 272 (51.2%) | 250 (47.1%) | ||
| 1–5 | 257 (16.3%) | 99 (16.8%) | 86 (16.2%) | 90 (16.9%) | ||
| 6–13 | 420 (26.6%) | 174 (29.5%) | 140 (26.4%) | 155 (29.2%) | ||
| ≥14 | 64 (4.1%) | 26 (4.4%) | 21 (4.0%) | 23 (4.3%) | ||
|
| ||||||
| In-hospital data | ||||||
| Hb level at admission (g/dL) | 0.729 | 0.962 | ||||
| Hb ≥ 12 | 454 (28.8%) | 179 (30.3%) | 155 (29.2%) | 160 (30.1%) | ||
| 12 > Hb ≥ 10 | 670 (42.5%) | 237 (40.2%) | 219 (41.2%) | 215 (40.5%) | ||
| 10 > Hb ≥ 8 | 371 (23.5%) | 146 (24.7%) | 127 (23.9%) | 129 (24.3%) | ||
| Hb < 8 | 81 (5.1%) | 28 (4.7%) | 30 (5.6%) | 27 (5.1%) | ||
| Blood transfusion (Yes) | 1203 (76.3%) | 149 (74.7%) | 0.442 | 413 (77.8%) | 400 (75.3%) | 0.346 |
| VAS at admission | 4.9 ± 1.7 | 6.4 ± 1.5 | <0.001∗ | 5.9 ± 1.3 | 6.0 ± 1.6 | 0.410 |
| NRS at admission | 4.9 ± 1.7 | 6.4 ± 1.5 | <0.001∗ | 5.9 ± 1.3 | 5.9 ± 1.6 | 0.934 |
| GDS | 3.5 ± 1.6 | 4.4 ± 1.3 | <0.001∗ | 4.0 ± 1.9 | 4.2 ± 1.7 | 0.109 |
| FIM | 84.6 ± 10.6 | 83.4 ± 10.2 | 0.022∗ | 83.1 ± 10.2 | 83.3 ± 10.9 | 0.769 |
| Anxiety (Yes) | 142 (9.0%) | 507 (14.1%) | 0.001∗ | 102 (19.2%) | 82 (15.4%) | 0.105 |
Values are presented as the number (%) or mean ± SD (standard deviation). ∗p < 0.05, statistical significance. BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; mECM, modified Elixhauser's Comorbidity Measure; VAS, visual analog scores; NRS, numerical rating scores; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; FIM, functional independence measure.