Table 1.
Comparison of baseline characteristics and pregnancy outcomes between the two groups.
| Characteristics | Cases n = 75 | Controls n = 149 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 30.76 ± 4.63 | 30.62 ± 4.48 | ns | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.27 ± 5.08 | 25.91 ± 5.03 | ns | |
| Parity | 1 (0–7) | 1 (0–5) | ns | |
| Ethnicity | Caucasian | 60 (80) | 120 (80) | ns |
| African | 11 (14.7) | 21 (14.1) | ns | |
| South Asia | 2 (2.7) | 4 (2.7) | ns | |
| East Asia | 1 (1.3) | 2 (1.3) | ns | |
| Mixed | 1 (1.3) | 2 (1.3) | ns | |
| Twins | 1 (1.3) | 4 (2.7) | ns | |
| GDM | 26/75 (34.7) | 24/149 (16.1) | 0.002 | |
| SGA/IUGR | 9/70 (12.9) | 13/139 (9.4) | ns | |
| Preterm delivery | 13/75 (17.3) | 11/144 (7.6) | 0.04 | |
| Mode of delivery | Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 31/66 (47) | 69/140 (49.3) | ns |
| Operative vaginal delivery | 6/66 (9.1) | 15/140 (10.7) | ns | |
| Primary cesarean section | 19/66 (28.8) | 29/140 (20.7) | ns | |
| Secondary cesarean section | 10/66 (15.2) | 27/140 (19.3) | ns | |
| pHa | 7.25 ± 0.078 | 7.18 ± 0.683 | ns | |
| 5Min. Apgar score | 8.91 ± 1.01 | 8.82 ± 1.40 | ns | |
| Fetal transfer to the ICU | 7/66 (10.6) | 8/136 (5.9) | ns |
*missing values were excluded from the analysis.