Table 1.

IC₅₀ of seven therapeutic drugs in PDOs with or without lactate.

	Gemcitabine	5-Fluorouracil	Cisplatin	Paclitaxel	Ivosidenib	Infigratinib	Lenvatinib
HCC1 PDO	80.6 μM	>100 μM	14.52 μM	14.72 μM	>100 μM	0.81 μM	>100 μM
HCC1 PDO + lactate	>100 μM	>100 μM	33.32 μM	8.16 μM	>100 μM	2.22 μM	>100 μM
HCC2 PDO	6.77 μM	>100 μM	38.83 μM	31.86 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	10.51 μM
HCC2 PDO + lactate	8.19 μM	>100 μM	16.66 μM	27.69 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	12.9 μM
HCC3 PDO	63.82 μM	>100 μM	2.73 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	4.18 μM	>100 μM
HCC3 + PDO + lactate	>100 μM	>100 μM	5.17 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	2.99 μM	>100 μM
HCC4 PDO	14.90 μM	>100 μM	6.26 μM	26.73 μM	>100 μM	5.35 μM	9.07 μM
HCC4 + PDO + lactate	20.56 μM	>100 μM	8.33 μM	45.17 μM	>100 μM	7.10 μM	14.73 μM
PC1 PDO	4.55 μM	>100 μM	7.05 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	14.93 μM
PC1 PDO + lactate	2.88 μM	>100 μM	7.84 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	42.37 μM
PC2 PDO	> 100 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	38.7 μM	7.11 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM
PC2 PDO + lactate	>100 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	44.67 μM	5.37 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM
PC3 PDO	> 100 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	5.54 μM	>100 μM
PC3 PDO + lactate	>100 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	2.33 μM	>100 μM
CC1 PDO	91.93 μM	>100 μM	11.89 μM	19.8 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM
CC1 PDO + lactate	25.4 μM	>100 μM	9.29 μM	22.59 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM
CC2 PDO	> 100 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	37.31 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM
CC2 PDO + lactate	>100 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	45.84 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM	>100 μM
CC3 PDO	4.17 μM	>100 μM	40.74 μM	25.1 μM	>100 μM	3.07 μM	78.31 μM
CC3 PDO + lactate	7.82 μM	>100 μM	31.35 μM	31.66 μM	>100 μM	6.04 μM	>100 μM

IC₅₀ 50% inhibitory concentration, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, PDC pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, CC cholangiocarcinoma, PDO patient-derived organoid.

Bold and italic values represent totally different drug sensitivities between PDOs with or without lactate.