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. 2022 Apr 20;5:384. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03330-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Based on a cortical parcellation with 68 regions of interest, each node (cortical region) is modelled through a neurophysiologically realistic biophysical model incorporating excitatory (NMDA) as well as inhibitory (GABA) synaptic dynamics. Nodes are connected by structural connectivity (from diffusion MRI) and the model’s simulated BOLD signals are fitted to simulate empirical BOLD signal patterns (from functional MRI). Neurotransmitter information from PET can also be added in the model as modulating the local neuronal gain⁸⁹.