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. 2022 Apr 20;12:6503. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10240-w

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© The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Light-induced diaphragm EMG activation is not attenuated over 1 hour of stimulation. Mice received a unilateral phrenicotomy and then closed loop photostimulation of the paralyzed hemi-diaphragm in phase with respiration using a 250 ms train of light pulses with inter-pulse interval of 0.1 ms and light pulse duration of 0.1 ms. Data are presented as a percent of baseline. Black line represents the mean + /− stdev. Individual scatter points represent each animal. After unilateral phrenicotomy there is a pronounced attenuation in EMG output. Photostimulation increases diaphragm EMG output of the paralyzed hemi-diaphragm. Ten-minute averages of evoked EMG activity show no attenuation of evoked bursts over a sixty-minute period of closed-loop, inspiratory triggered diaphragm photostimulation. Friedman Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance on Ranks showed a significant effect of time on evoked response (p = 0.017).