Table 3.
Burden of AD by self-reported AD severity and in matched non-AD control cohorts
| Mild-to-moderate AD | Matched non-AD control cohort | P valuea | Moderate-to-severe AD | Matched non-AD control cohort | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 4039 | N = 4039 | N = 1346 | N = 1346 | |||
| Comorbidity burden, n (%) | ||||||
| Atopic comorbidities | ||||||
| Allergies | 1713 (42.4) | 907 (22.5) | < 0.0001 | 654 (48.6) | 315 (23.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 1040 (25.8) | 925 (22.9) | 0.0029 | 342 (25.4) | 307 (22.8) | 0.11 |
| Asthma | 913 (22.6) | 796 (19.7) | 0.0014 | 327 (24.3) | 273 (20.3) | 0.012 |
| Food allergies | 590 (14.6) | 229 (5.7) | < 0.0001 | 241 (17.9) | 92 (6.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Cardiac, vascular, and metabolic comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension | 852 (21.1) | 684 (16.9) | < 0.0001 | 291 (21.6) | 215 (16.0) | 0.0002 |
| High cholesterol | 818 (20.3) | 612 (15.2) | < 0.0001 | 278 (20.7) | 186 (13.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Angina | 452 (11.2) | 306 (7.6) | < 0.0001 | 162 (12.0) | 117 (8.7) | 0.0044 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 261 (6.5) | 253 (6.3) | 0.72 | 91 (6.8) | 74 (5.5) | 0.17 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 55 (1.4) | 51 (1.3) | 0.7 | 23 (1.7) | 18 (1.3) | 0.43 |
| Heart attack | 60 (1.5) | 55 (1.4) | 0.64 | 26 (1.9) | 11 (0.8) | 0.013 |
| Congestive heart failure | 44 (1.1) | 37 (0.9) | 0.43 | 19 (1.4) | 15 (1.1) | 0.49 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 24 (0.6) | 14 (0.4) | 0.1 | 13 (1.0) | 2 (0.2) | 0.0044 |
| Stroke | 34 (0.8) | 35 (0.9) | 0.9 | 8 (0.6) | 12 (0.9) | 0.37 |
| Neuropsychiatric comorbidities | ||||||
| Pain | 1316 (32.6) | 878 (21.7) | < 0.0001 | 479 (35.6) | 315 (23.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Migraine | 759 (18.8) | 484 (12.0) | < 0.0001 | 297 (22.1) | 173 (12.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Attention deficit disorder | 38 (0.9) | 13 (0.3) | 0.0004 | 20 (1.5) | 6 (0.5) | 0.0058 |
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | 28 (0.7) | 11 (0.3) | 0.0064 | 17 (1.3) | 5 (0.4) | 0.01 |
| Psychological burden, n (%) | ||||||
| Anxiety | 1723 (42.7) | 1262 (31.3) | < 0.0001 | 629 (46.7) | 457 (34.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Depression severity | ||||||
| None-minimal (0–4) | 1866 (46.2) | 2277 (56.4) | < 0.0001 | 502 (37.3) | 715 (53.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Mild (5–9) | 1123 (27.8) | 974 (24.1) | 406 (30.2) | 358 (26.6) | ||
| Moderate (10–14) | 531 (13.2) | 433 (10.7) | 211 (15.7) | 152 (11.3) | ||
| Moderately severe (15–19) | 329 (8.2) | 213 (5.3) | 139 (10.3) | 74 (5.5) | ||
| Severe (20–27) | 190 (4.7) | 142 (3.5) | 88 (6.5) | 47 (3.5) | ||
| Sleep burden, n (%) | ||||||
| At least one sleep difficulty | 2065 (51.1) | 1563 (38.7) | < 0.0001 | 752 (55.9) | 528 (39.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Severity of sleep difficulties | ||||||
| Mild | 999 (24.7) | 818 (20.3) | < 0.0001 | 271 (20.1) | 273 (20.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Moderate | 818 (20.3) | 576 (14.3) | 335 (24.9) | 202 (15.0) | ||
| Severe | 248 (6.1) | 169 (4.2) | 146 (10.9) | 53 (3.9) | ||
| Impact of sleep difficulties | ||||||
| No impact | 209 (5.2) | 186 (4.6) | < 0.0001 | 69 (5.1) | 67 (5.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Little impact | 568 (14.1) | 454 (11.2) | 164 (12.2) | 147 (10.9) | ||
| Mild impact | 547 (13.5) | 414 (10.3) | 189 (14.0) | 137 (10.2) | ||
| Moderate impact | 563 (13.9) | 405 (10.0) | 252 (18.7) | 134 (10.0) | ||
| Severe impact | 178 (4.4) | 104 (2.6) | 78 (5.8) | 43 (3.2) | ||
| SF-36v2 scores, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Mental component summary score | 43.44 (10.70) | 45.70 (10.29) | < 0.0001 | 41.54 (10.35) | 45.34 (10.45) | < 0.0001 |
| Physical component summary score | 48.96 (9.79) | 50.30 (9.36) | < 0.0001 | 47.74 (10.08) | 50.00 (9.38) | < 0.0001 |
| Domain scores | ||||||
| Bodily pain | 46.46 (10.37) | 48.35 (10.09) | < 0.0001 | 44.47 (10.76) | 47.90 (10.03) | < 0.0001 |
| Vitality | 47.75 (9.57) | 49.55 (9.74) | < 0.0001 | 46.85 (9.71) | 49.34 (9.72) | < 0.0001 |
| General health | 46.39 (10.20) | 48.13 (10.03) | < 0.0001 | 45.39 (10.55) | 47.94 (9.94) | < 0.0001 |
| Physical functioning | 49.65 (9.55) | 50.90 (9.11) | < 0.0001 | 48.32 (10.08) | 50.47 (9.33) | < 0.0001 |
| Physical role functioning | 46.17 (9.80) | 48.03 (9.47) | < 0.0001 | 44.51 (9.94) | 47.75 (9.48) | < 0.0001 |
| Emotional role functioning | 42.93 (11.76) | 45.32 (11.38) | < 0.0001 | 40.63 (11.90) | 44.75 (11.52) | < 0.0001 |
| Mental health | 44.81 (9.84) | 46.89 (9.74) | < 0.0001 | 43.13 (9.62) | 46.59 (9.89) | < 0.0001 |
| Social functioning | 44.83 (10.12) | 46.74 (9.76) | < 0.0001 | 42.61 (10.14) | 46.37 (9.94) | < 0.0001 |
| EQ-5D-5L scores, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Index | 0.76 (0.23) | 0.81 (0.21) | < 0.0001 | 0.72 (0.27) | 0.81 (0.23) | < 0.0001 |
| VAS | 69.51 (22.47) | 73.85 (21.61) | < 0.0001 | 65.48 (23.88) | 73.13 (21.65) | < 0.0001 |
| Activity and work functioning burden, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Activity impairmentb | 31.21 (29.16) | 25.79 (28.28) | < 0.0001 | 37.68 (30.00) | 27.85 (29.04) | < 0.0001 |
| Work impairmentc | ||||||
| Absenteeismd | n = 2053 | n = 2150 | < 0.0001 | n = 682 | n = 732 | < 0.0001 |
| 9.73 (23.49) | 6.88 (20.06) | 11.98 (24.79) | 7.09 (19.68) | |||
| Presenteeisme | n = 1983 | n = 2097 | < 0.0001 | n = 655 | n = 720 | < 0.0001 |
| 23.44 (26.28) | 19.41 (25.02) | 29.85 (27.70) | 21.50 (26.00) | |||
| Overall work impairmentf | n = 1970 | n = 2092 | < 0.0001 | n = 651 | n = 716 | < 0.0001 |
| 25.97 (28.80) | 21.37 (27.14) | 33.11 (30.43) | 23.50 (28.08) | |||
AD atopic dermatitis, EQ-5D-5L EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-Level, SD standard deviation, SF-36v2 Short Form-36 version 2
aAD cohort versus matched non-AD control cohort
bPercentage impairment in daily activities because of one’s health in the past 7 days
cWork impairment portion of the WPAI questionnaire only administered to respondents who were employed
dPercentage of work time missed because of one's health in the past 7 days
ePercentage impairment experienced while at work in the past 7 days because of one's health
fCombination of absenteeism and presenteeism