Table 2.
Pharmacological interventions of inflammasomes in animal models of CVDs.
| Intervention | Animal | CVD model | Outcomes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 | Apoe−/− mice | HFD for 4 weeks with semiconstrictive collar placement at the carotid arteries | Reduced the number of macrophages in the plaque and the atherosclerotic lesions | (117) |
| NLRP3 inhibitor arglabin | Apoe2.Ki mice | HFD for 13 weeks | Reduced inflammation, plasma lipids, and atherosclerotic lesions | (118) |
| Anti-IL-1α, anti-IL-1β, anti-IL-1α+β | Apoe−/− mice | HFD for 14 weeks and treatment with antibodies for 14 weeks | Neutralization of IL-1α or both IL-1 isoforms decreased early AS lesions and impaired outward remodeling, while IL-1β inhibition reduced the size of established atheroma | (98) |
| Recombinant IL-18 | Apoe−/− mice | Normal diet until 20 weeks old | Increased inflammatory response and AS lesion size | (133) |
| NLRP3 inhibitor | CD-1 male mice | MI 30 min, R 3 or 24 h | The NLRP3 inhibitor given at reperfusion, or 1 h (but not 3 h), reduced infarct size at 24 h | (20) |
| NLRP3 inhibitor Bay 11-7082 | C57BL/6 mice | MI 30 min, R 24 h | Decreased macrophage and neutrophil accumulation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and infarct size | (104) |
| BAY11-7082 | Diabetic rats | MI 30 min, R 2 h | Reduced pyroptosis and MI/R injury in diabetic rats | (106) |
| BAY11-7082 | Sprague–Dawley rats | MI 30 min, R 24 h or 7 days | Reduced cell apoptosis and infarct size and preserved cardiac function | (125) |
| NLRP3 inhibitor | Male ICR mice | MI 30 min, R 24 h, or MI 7 days | Preserved LV function, and reduced infarct size after MI or MI/R injury | (119) |
| NLRP3 inhibitor 16673-34-0 | CD1 mice | MI 30 min, R 24 h | Limited infarct size after MI/R | (120) |
| NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 | Female landrace pigs | MI 75 min, R 7 days | Reduced myocardial neutrophil influx, IL-1β levels, infarct size, and preserved cardiac function | (122) |
| NLRP3 inhibitor OLT1177 | WT mice | MI 30 min, R 24 h or 7 days | Reduced infarct size and preserved LV systolic function given within 60 min after MI/R | (127) |
| NLRP3 inhibitor OLT1177 | WT mice | MI 7 days | Preserved cardiac contractile reserve and diastolic function | (128) |
| Colchicine | Male C57BL/6J mice | MI 7 days | Inhibited the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, improved cardiac function and survival rate | (129) |
| IL-18-neutralizing antibody | C57BL/6 mice | MI 30 min, R 24 h | Reduced infarct size | (71) |
| MCC950 | Camk2dfl/fl mice | Ang II infusion | Reduced macrophage accumulation and cardiac fibrosis | (111) |
| Triptolide | C57/BL6 mice | TAC | Inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome, attenuated TAC-induced myocardial remodeling, and improved cardiac function | (132) |
| Pirfenidone | Male Balb/c mice | TAC | Inhibited NLRP3 expression, attenuated myocardial fibrosis and inflammatory mediators, and increased survival rate | (133) |
| Recombinant IL-18 | C57BL/6 mice | Induced cardiac hypertrophy and caused LV dysfunction | (135, 136) | |
| IL-18 neutralization antibody | C57BL/6 mice | LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction | Attenuated LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction | (137) |
CVDs, cardiovascular diseases; HFD, high-fat diet; MI, myocardial infarction; LV, left ventricle; MI/R, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.