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. 2022 Apr 7;10:846861. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.846861

Table 5.

Psychosocial drivers of German university students and employees participating in the COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Hesitancy (VBH) Survey stratified by gender, employment status, and number of doses, december 2021 (n = 930).

Variable Outcome Females
(n = 682)
Males
(n = 232)
Sig. Employees
(n = 322)
Students (n = 608) Sig. Primer
(n = 621)
Booster
(n = 242)
Sig.
Severe illness Disagreement 29 (4.3%) 8 (3.4%) 0.591 8 (2.5%) 32 (5.3%) 0.047 20 (3.2%) 0 (0%) 0.005
Not sure 39 (5.7%) 12 (5.2%) 0.754 27 (8.4%) 25 (4.1%) 0.010 30 (4.8%) 7 (2.9%) 0.207
Agreement 614 (90%) 212 (91.4%) 0.547 287 (89.1%) 551 (90.6%) 0.468 571 (91.9%) 235 (97.1%) 0.006
Symptomatic infection Disagreement 78 (11.4%) 18 (7.8%) 0.114 28 (8.7%) 70 (11.5%) 0.183 61 (9.8%) 8 (3.3%) 0.002
Not sure 190 (27.9%) 46 (19.8%) 0.016 91 (28.3%) 151 (24.8%) 0.257 164 (26.4%) 61 (25.2%) 0.718
Agreement 414 (60.7%) 168 (72.4%) 0.001 203 (63%) 387 (63.7%) 0.855 396 (63.8%) 173 (71.5%) 0.032
Community transmission Disagreement 105 (15.4%) 41 (17.7%) 0.414 44 (13.7%) 106 (17.4%) 0.137 93 (15%) 17 (7%) 0.002
Not sure 172 (25.2%) 43 (18.5%) 0.038 77 (23.9%) 142 (23.4%) 0.849 152 (24.5%) 55 (22.7%) 0.589
Agreement 405 (59.4%) 148 (63.8%) 0.235 201 (62.4%) 360 (59.2%) 0.341 376 (60.5%) 170 (70.2%) 0.008
Mutations control Disagreement 567 (83.1%) 193 (83.2%) 0.985 276 (85.7%) 495 (81.4%) 0.098 509 (82%) 228 (94.2%) <0.001
Not sure 71 (10.4%) 14 (6%) 0.047 27 (8.4%) 61 (10%) 0.414 66 (10.6%) 7 (2.9%) <0.001
Agreement 44 (6.5%) 25 (10.8%) 0.031 19 (5.9%) 52 (8.6%) 0.147 46 (7.4%) 7 (2.9%) 0.013
Equal safety Disagreement 26 (3.8%) 8 (3.4%) 0.800 9 (2.8%) 29 (4.8%) 0.148 16 (2.6%) 1 (0.4%) 0.052*
Not sure 46 (6.7%) 15 (6.5%) 0.883 27 (8.4%) 36 (5.9%) 0.155 46 (7.4%) 6 (2.5%) 0.006
Agreement 610 (89.4%) 209 (90.1%) 0.781 286 (88.8%) 543 (89.3%) 0.820 559 (90%) 235 (97.1%) <0.001
Non-inferior safety Disagreement 492 (72.1%) 156 (67.2%) 0.156 218 (67.7%) 435 (71.5%) 0.223 423 (68.1%) 201 (83.1%) <0.001
Not sure 125 (18.3%) 52 (22.4%) 0.174 71 (22%) 113 (18.6%) 0.207 146 (23.5%) 22 (9.1%) <0.001
Agreement 65 (9.5%) 24 (10.3%) 0.718 33 (10.2%) 60 (9.9%) 0.854 52 (8.4%) 19 (7.9%) 0.802
Risk-benefit ratio Disagreement 54 (7.9%) 16 (6.9%) 0.613 20 (6.2%) 53 (8.7%) 0.176 33 (5.3%) 3 (1.2%) 0.007
Not sure 48 (7%) 15 (6.5%) 0.766 24 (7.5%) 41 (6.7%) 0.686 43 (6.9%) 13 (5.4%) 0.406
Agreement 580 (85%) 201 (86.6%) 0.552 278 (86.3%) 514 (84.5%) 0.464 545 (87.8%) 226 (93.4%) 0.016
Self-prioritization Disagreement 111 (16.3%) 44 (19%) 0.346 36 (11.2%) 126 (20.7%) <0.001 101 (16.3%) 17 (7%) <0.001
Not sure 134 (19.6%) 34 (14.7%) 0.090 54 (16.8%) 116 (19.1%) 0.386 126 (20.3%) 31 (12.8%) 0.011
Agreement 437 (64.1%) 154 (66.4%) 0.526 232 (72%) 366 (60.2%) <0.001 394 (63.4%) 194 (80.2%) <0.001
Global vaccine justice Disagreement 243 (35.6%) 85 (36.6%) 0.782 91 (28.3%) 246 (40.5%) <0.001 240 (38.6%) 50 (20.7%) <0.001
Not sure 260 (38.1%) 64 (27.6%) 0.004 125 (38.8%) 203 (33.4%) 0.099 222 (35.7%) 94 (38.8%) 0.397
Agreement 179 (26.2%) 83 (35.8%) 0.006 106 (32.9%) 159 (26.2%) 0.030 159 (25.6%) 98 (40.5%) <0.001
National vaccine justice Disagreement 239 (35%) 83 (35.8%) 0.840 90 (28%) 242 (39.8%) <0.001 240 (38.6%) 44 (18.2%) <0.001
Not sure 266 (39%) 77 (33.2%) 0.114 136 (42.2%) 210 (34.5%) 0.021 226 (36.4%) 109 (45%) 0.019
Agreement 177 (26%) 72 (31%) 0.133 96 (29.8%) 156 (25.7%) 0.175 155 (25%) 89 (36.8%) <0.001
Vaccine satisfaction Disagreement 350 (51.3%) 91 (39.2%) 0.001 126 (39.1%) 320 (52.6%) <0.001 305 (49.1%) 108 (44.6%) 0.236
Not sure 245 (35.9%) 84 (36.2%) 0.938 129 (40.1%) 208 (34.2%) 0.077 218 (35.1%) 97 (40.1%) 0.172
Agreement 87 (12.8%) 57 (24.6%) <0.001 67 (20.8%) 80 (13.2%) 0.002 98 (15.8%) 37 (15.3%) 0.858
Vaccine selectivity Disagreement 311 (45.6%) 120 (51.7%) 0.107 154 (47.8%) 285 (46.9%) 0.782 281 (45.2%) 123 (50.8%) 0.140
Not sure 259 (38%) 85 (36.6%) 0.716 128 (39.8%) 223 (36.7%) 0.358 248 (39.9%) 82 (33.9%) 0.100
Agreement 112 (16.4%) 27 (11.6%) 0.080 40 (12.4%) 100 (16.4%) 0.102 92 (14.8%) 37 (15.3%) 0.861

Chi-squared test (χ2) and Fisher's exact test (*) were used with a significance level (Sig.) ≤ 0.05. The bold values indicate the significant values.