Table 4.
Factors associated with cardiovascular mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients using Cox proportional hazards model.
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | HR (95% CI) | p -value | HR (95% CI) | p -value |
| High risk of fracture | 3.935 (1.459–10.614) | 0.007 | 2.129 (0.677–6.700) | 0.196 |
| Age ≥ 60 years | 3.379 (1.253–9.112) | 0.016 | 1.622 (0.533–4.942) | 0.395 |
| Men | 1.383 (0.598–3.195) | 0.449 | – | – |
| Smoking | 1.742 (0.647–4.697) | 0.272 | – | – |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2.738 (1.079–6.948) | 0.034 | 2.646 (1.020–6.869) | 0.046 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2.421 (0.954–6.146) | 0.063 | – | – |
| Stroke | 2.429 (0.836–7.231) | 0.102 | – | – |
| Malignancy | 1.065 (0.316–3.587) | 0.919 | – | – |
| Dialysis vintage (per year) | 1.017 (0.958–1.080) | 0.573 | – | – |
| BMI (per kg/m2) | 0.995 (0.898–1.101) | 0.995 | – | – |
| GNRI (per unit) | 0.881 (0.807–0.963) | 0.005 | 0.888 (0.802–0.983) | 0.022 |
| Systolic BP (per mmHg) | 1.007 (0.989–1.024) | 0.460 | – | – |
| Diastolic BP (per mmHg) | 0.981 (0.954–1.010) | 0.198 | – | – |
| Cardiothoracic ratio (per %) | 1.084 (0.997–1.179) | 0.058 | – | – |
| AoAC (per unit) | 1.110 (1.013–1.216) | 0.025 | 1.032 (0.923–1.153) | 0.579 |
| Log P1NP (per log ng/ml) | 0.765 (0.193–3.034) | 0.704 | – | – |
| Log CTX (per log ng/ml) | 0.539 (0.115–2.539) | 0.435 | – | – |
| Log BALP (per log μg/L) | 1.080 (0.220–5.295) | 0.924 | – | – |
| Log DKK-1 (per log pg/ml) | 3.443 (0.543–21.824) | 0.189 | – | – |
| Log sclerostin (per log pmol/L) | 2.463 (0.222–27.303) | 0.463 | – | – |
| Hemoglobin (per g/dl) | 0.854 (0.634–1.151) | 0.300 | – | – |
| Total Cholesterol (per mg/dl) | 0.992 (0.982–1.003) | 0.169 | – | – |
| Log triglycerides (per log mg/dl) | 0.719 (0.150–3.458) | 0.681 | – | – |
| Total calcium (per mg/dl) | 0.661 (0.410–1.064) | 0.088 | – | – |
| Phosphorous (per mg/dl) | 0.934 (0.671–1.298) | 0.683 | – | – |
| Magnesium (per mg/dl) | 0.772 (0.199–2.987) | 0.708 | – | – |
| 25-hydroxy vitamin D (per ng/ml) | 0.994 (0.952–1.038) | 0.790 | – | – |
| Log intact PTH (per log pg/ml) | 1.797 (0.567–5.691) | 0.319 | – | – |
| Ln hs-CRP (per Ln mg/L) | 1.300 (0.949–1.782) | 0.102 | – | – |
| Femoral neck BMD (per g/cm2) | 0.189 (0.006–5.995) | 0.345 | – | – |
| Femoral neck T-score (per unit) | 0.857 (0.566–1.298) | 0.467 | – | – |
GNRI, geriatric nutritional risk index; BP, blood pressure; AoAC, aortic arch calcification; P1NP, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide; CTX, C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen; BALP, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase; DKK1, Dickkopf-related protein 1; PTH, parathyroid hormone; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reaction protein; BMD, bone mineral density.