Table 1.
Characterization of included studies.
| First author | Country | Sample | Rapid antigen test | Gene detected by real-time PCR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James et al. (36) | USA | Nasal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (BinaxNOW) | N gene |
| McKay et al. (46) | France | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (BinaxNOW) | NR |
| Prince-Guerra et al. (70) | USA | Respiratory swab | Rapid Antigen Test (BinaxNOW) | NR |
| Sood et al. (42) | USA | Oral fluid | Rapid Antigen Test (BinaxNOW) | NR |
| Caputoa et al. (25) | Italy | Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Lumipulse G) | NR |
| Hirotsu et al. (69) | Japan | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Lumipulse G) | N gene |
| Gilli et al. (48) | Italy | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Lumipulse G) | E and N genes |
| Ishii et al. (34) | Japan | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Lumipulse G) | NR |
| Alemany et al. (63) | Spain | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Panbio) | NR |
| Akingbaa et al. (53) | South Africa | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Panbio) | NR |
| Albert et al. (19) | Spain | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Panbio) | NR |
| Berger et al. (23) | Switzerland | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Panbio) | E gene |
| Favresse et al. (30) | Belgium | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Panbio) | E and N genes |
| Gremmels et al. (67) | Netherlands | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Panbio) | E and N genes |
| Jaaskelainen et al. (35) | Finland | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Panbio) | N gene |
| Linares et al. (71) | Spain | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Panbio) | NR |
| Masiá et al. (40) | Spain | Nasopharyngeal and nasal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Panbio) | E and N genes |
| Matsuda et al. (29) | Brazil | Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Panbio) | E and N genes |
| Nsoga et al. (50) | Switzerland | Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Panbio) | E gene |
| Perez-García et al. (31) | Spain | Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Panbio) | E, S and N genes |
| Strömer et al. (21) | Germany | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Panbio) | E and N genes |
| Torres et al. (47) | Spain | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Panbio) | N gene |
| Villaverde et al. (52) | Spain | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Panbio) | E gene |
| Ciotti et al. (27) | Italy | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Respi-Strip) | E and N genes |
| Mertens et al. (72) | Belgium | Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Respi-Strip) | E gene |
| Scohy et al. (74) | Belgium | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Respi-Strip) | NR |
| Lambert-Niclot et al. (77) | France | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Respi-Strip) | E gene |
| Noerz et al. (60) | Germany | Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Roche Diagnostics) | E gene |
| Baro et al. (22) | Spain | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Roche Diagnostics) | NR |
| Kohmer et al. (37) | Germany | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Roche Diagnostics) | NR |
| Kruttgen et al. (38) | Germany | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Roche Diagnostics) | NR |
| Lgloi et al. (39) | Netherlands | Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Roche Diagnostics) | NR |
| Osterman et al. (20) | Germany | Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Roche Diagnostics) | N gene |
| Salvagno et al. (32) | Italy | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Roche Diagnostics) | E and N genes |
| Cerutti et al. (65) | Italy | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (SD Biosensor) | NR |
| Chaimayo et al. (66) | Thailand | Nasopharyngeal and throat swab | Rapid Antigen Test (SD Biosensor) | E and N genes |
| Gupta et al. (68) | India | Nasopharyngeal swab and sputum | Rapid Antigen Test (SD Biosensor) | NR |
| Kannian et al. (54) | India | Whole mouth fluid | Rapid Antigen Test (SD Biosensor) | NR |
| Bruzzonea et al. (24) | Italy | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (SD Biosensor) | N gene |
| Caruana et al. (59) | Switzerland | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (SD Biosensor) | NR |
| Homza et al. (33) | Czech republic | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (SD Biosensor) | NR |
| Lindner et al. (73) | Germany | Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (SD Biosensor) | NR |
| Liotti et al. (78) | Italy | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (SD Biosensor) | NR |
| Peñaa et al. (56) | Chile | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (SD Biosensor) | S and N genes |
| Peña-Rodríguez et al. (41) | Mexico | Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (SD Biosensor) | N gene |
| Turcato et al. (61) | Italy | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (SD Biosensor) | NR |
| Courtellemont et al. (28) | France | Oropharyngeal and/or saliva swab | Rapid Antigen Test (VIRO) | E, S and N genes |
| Houston et al. (49) | UK | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Innova SARS-CoV-2) | NR |
| Wagenhauser et al. (58) | Germany | Oropharyngel swab | Rapid Antigen Test (NADAL) | S gene |
| Mboumba Bouassa et al. (44) | France | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Sienna) | N gene |
| Takeuchi et al. (57) | Japan | Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (QuickNavi) | N gene |
| Pekosz et al. (64) | USA | Respiratory swab | Rapid Antigen Test (BD Life Sciences) | NR |
| Weitzel et al. (76) | Chile | Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Biocredit) | NR |
| Häuser et al. (45) | Germany | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (DiaSorin) | NR |
| Caruana et al. (26) | Switzerland | Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Exdia) | N gene |
| Thakur et al. (43) | India | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (PathoCatch) | E gene |
| Micocci et al. (55) | UK | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (LumiraDx) | NR |
| Osmanodja et al. (51) | Germany | Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Dräger Antigen Test) | E gene |
| Shrestha et al. (75) | Nepal | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Biocredit) | NR |
| Young et al. (62) | UK | Nasopharyngeal swab | Rapid Antigen Test (Lateral Flow) | NR |
NR, Not reported.