Table 2.
Quality assessment of included studies.
| Study | Risk of bias | Applicability concerns | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient selection | Index test | Reference standard | Flow and timing | Patient selection | Index test | Reference standard | |
| Albert | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Osterman | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Strömer | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Baro | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Berger | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Caruana | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Ciotti | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Courtellemont | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Matsuda | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Favresse | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Perez-García | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Salvagno | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Ishii | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Kohmer | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Kruttgen | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Lgloi | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Peña-Rodríguez | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Thakur | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Bouassa | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Häuser | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| McKay | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Gilli | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Osmanodja | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Micocci | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Peñaa | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Caruana | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Noerz | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Chaimayo | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Gremmels | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Mertens | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Lindner | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Scohy | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Lambert-Niclot | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Bruzzonea | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Caputoa | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Homza | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Jaaskelainen | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| James | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Masiá | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Sood | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Torres | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Houston | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Nsoga | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Villaverde | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Akingbaa | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Kannian | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Takeuchi | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Wagenhauser | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Turcato | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Young | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Alemany | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Pekosz | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Cerutti | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Gupta | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Hirotsu | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Prince-Guerra | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Linares | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Shrestha | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Weitzel | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Liotti | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |