Table 2.
Association of depression, anxiety, and life events with OSA risk.
| Na | Effect estimates | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-OSA group | OSA group | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)b | Adjusted OR (95% CI)c | |
| Depression | |||||
| No | 8,975 | 1,339 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 126 | 27 | 1.41 (0.91, 2.11) | 1.60 (1.02, 2.44) | 1.91 (1.19, 2.97) |
| Anxiety | |||||
| No | 8,807 | 1,337 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 114 | 29 | 1.68 (1.09, 2.49) | 2.11 (1.35, 3.20) | 2.60 (1.63, 4.04) |
| Combination of depression and anxiety | |||||
| Neither | 8,733 | 1,328 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| One | 136 | 20 | 0.97 (0.59, 1.51) | 1.18 (0.71, 1.87) | 1.35 (0.80, 2.19) |
| Both | 52 | 18 | 2.28 (1.29, 3.83) | 2.70 (1.49, 4.70) | 3.52 (1.88, 6.31) |
| P for trend | 0.017 | 0.018 | <0.001 | ||
| Adverse life event | |||||
| No | 8,061 | 1,237 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 860 | 129 | 0.98 (0.80, 1.18) | 1.06 (0.87, 1.30) | 1.08 (0.87, 1.33) |
| Positive life event | |||||
| No | 8,264 | 1,244 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 657 | 122 | 1.23 (0.99, 1.50) | 1.27 (1.03, 1.56) | 1.24 (0.99, 1.54) |
| Life event score | |||||
| <0 | 589 | 104 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 0 | 7,529 | 1,147 | 0.86 (0.70, 1.08) | 0.83 (0.66, 1.04) | 0.84 (0.67, 1.07) |
| >0 | 803 | 115 | 0.81 (0.61, 1.08) | 0.85 (0.63, 1.14) | 0.89 (0.65, 1.21) |
| P for trend | 0.165 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Every 1-unit increment | 0.92 (0.80, 1.04) | 0.95 (0.82, 1.09) | 0.96 (0.83, 1.11) | ||
a
N represents sample size for the non-OSA group or for the OSA group; OSA represents obstructive sleep apnea.
b
Adjustment for age, sex, education, marital status, waist-hip ratio, leisure-time physical activity, smoking, alcohol drinking, fruit intake, vegetables intake, and dyslipidemia.
c
Additional adjustment for body mass index.