Table 1.
Obesity-related outcomes and behavioural factors according to birth weight categories
| Characteristics | All (n = 677) | MLBW (n = 227) | Control (n = 450) | p valuea | p valueb | p valuec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obesity traits | ||||||
| Height, mean, SD, cm | 134.25 (6.99) | 133.65 (6.73) | 134.84 (7.55) | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.13 |
| Weight, mean, SD, kg | 30.82 (7.80) | 30.37 (7.81) | 31.26 (7.78) | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.14 |
| BMI z score, mean, SD | 0.23 (1.18) | 0.21 (0.94) | 0.25 (1.20) | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.14 |
| OW + OB, n (%) | 211 (31.17) | 62 (27.1) | 149 (33.1) | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.07 |
| WC, mean, SD, cm | 63.42 (10.13) | 64.43 (10.21) | 61.40 (9.05) | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.04 |
| HC, mean, SD, cm | 72.08 (7.84) | 70.99 (8.03) | 73.17 (7.76) | 0.21 | 0.37 | 0.13 |
| Waist/hip ratio, mean, SD | 0.83 (0.06) | 0.83 (0.05) | 0.82 (0.06) | 0.48 | 0.21 | 0.22 |
| Waist/height ratio, mean, SD | 0.44 (0.08) | 0.45 (0.08) | 0.44 (0.06) | 0.26 | 0.53 | 0.25 |
| Abdominal obesity, n (%) | 88 (13.0) | 40 (17.6) | 48 (10.7) | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.03 |
| SF (subscapular), mean, SD, mm | 9.70 (4.64) | 10.45 (5.25) | 8.95 (3.91) | 0.01* | 0.03 | 0.003* |
| SF (subumbilical), mean, SD, mm | 11.20 (4.78) | 12.04 (5.10) | 10.36 (3.94) | 0.01* | 0.02 | 0.001* |
| SF (triceps brachii), mm, mean, SD | 9.42 (4.33) | 10.09 (5.07) | 8.74 (4.11) | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.007* |
| Body fat percentage (%), mean, SD | 18.79 (11.47) | 20.47 (12.86) | 17.11 (10.72) | 0.06 | 0.22 | 0.03 |
| BP | ||||||
| SBP, mean, SD, mm Hg | 106.30 (12.45) | 106.74 (13.03) | 105.85 (12.11) | 0.41 | 0.33 | 0.20 |
| DBP, mean, SD, mm Hg | 63.32 (10.03) | 63.65 (10.38) | 62.99 (9.68) | 0.43 | 0.33 | 0.21 |
| Lipids | ||||||
| Total cholesterol, mean, SD, mmol/L | 4.29 (0.75) | 4.32 (0.74) | 4.25 (0.76) | 0.66 | 0.60 | 0.54 |
| Triglycerides, mean, SD, mmol/L | 0.90 (0.55) | 1.10 (0.50) | 0.71 (0.60) | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.01* |
| HDL cholesterol, mean, SD, mmol/L | 1.47 (0.50) | 1.43 (0.53) | 1.51 (0.49) | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.09 |
| LDL cholesterol, mean, SD, mmol/L | 2.41 (0.68) | 2.44 (0.62) | 2.38 (0.73) | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.18 |
| FBG, mean, SD | 5.58 (0.45) | 5.95 (0.43) | 5.33 (0.46) | 0.01* | 0.07 | 0.008* |
| Neurodevelopmental behaviour | ||||||
| ADHD, mean, SD | 0.72 (0.63) | 0.93 (0.66) | 0.52 (0.60) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.006* |
| ADHD, n (%) | 50 (7.40) | 34 (14.98) | 16 (3.55) | 0.01* | 0.03 | <0.001* |
| Dietary behaviour | ||||||
| Slowness in eating, mean, SD | 2.55 (0.83) | 2.56 (0.78) | 2.53 (0.88) | 0.55 | 0.42 | 0.27 |
| Satiety responsiveness, mean, SD | 2.68 (1.00) | 2.51 (0.99) | 2.84 (1.01) | 0.02 | 0.01* | 0.006* |
| Food fussiness, mean, SD | 1.41 (0.67) | 1.43 (0.69) | 1.38 (0.66) | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.18 |
| Food responsiveness, mean, SD | 3.18 (1.13) | 3.24 (1.15) | 3.11 (1.11) | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| Enjoyment of food, mean, SD | 1.82 (0.81) | 1.80 (0.83) | 1.84 (0.80) | 0.47 | 0.44 | 0.23 |
| Desire to drink, mean, SD | 2.32 (1.18) | 2.37 (1.25) | 2.17 (1.07) | 0.27 | 0.15 | 0.02 |
| Emotional undereating, mean, SD | 2.42 (1.12) | 2.48 (1.02) | 2.35 (0.90) | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.09 |
| Emotional overeating, mean, SD | 2.74 (0.80) | 2.91 (0.79) | 2.47 (0.80) | 0.05 | 0.01* | 0.001* |
Revised α of the Bonferroni method = 0.05/3 = 0.017. DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; cm, centimetres.
*
p < 0.017.
a
All versus MLBW.
b
All versus control.
c
MLBW versus control.