Table 6.
Changes in food ordering patterns of the participating youths who have ordered food before COVID-19 and under lockdown, by educational level and weight change status
| Variables | High school students |
Undergraduate students |
Graduate students |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| constant (n = 109) | decreased (n = 18) | increased (n = 67) | constant (n = 672) | decreased (n = 178) | increased (n = 430) | constant (n = 39) | decreased (n = 3) | increased (n = 36) | |
| Pre-COVID-19 | |||||||||
| Ordering time | |||||||||
| Breakfast | 17.4 | 0 | 13.4 | 8.8 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 2.6 | 33.3 | 0 |
| Lunch | 46.8 | 61.1 | 49.3 | 69.8 | 73.6 | 71.2 | 74.4 | 66.7 | 83.3 |
| Dinner | 34.9 | 44.4 | 38.8 | 54.0 | 51.1 | 52.6 | 59.0 | 66.7 | 63.9 |
| Midnight snack | 37.6 | 55.6 | 26.9 | 21.0 | 24.7 | 24.2 | 2.6 | 33.3 | 8.3 |
| Type of food ordered | |||||||||
| Chinese dishes with rice | 37.6 | 27.8 | 35.8 | 46.7 | 43.8 | 47.2 | 61.5 | 66.7 | 75.0 |
| (Spicy) hot pot | 47.7 | 61.1 | 46.3 | 58.5 | 61.8 | 60.0 | 51.3 | 33.3 | 72.2 |
| Fried foods or hamburgers | 44.0 | 66.7 | 46.3 | 43.6 | 48.9 | 47.4 | 17.9 | 66.7 | 38.9 |
| Cakes/pastries or drinks | 32.1 | 50.0 | 37.3 | 39.0 | 38.8 | 39.1 | 28.2 | 33.3 | 36.1 |
| Simple western meals | 9.2 | 27.8 | 11.9 | 14.6 | 15.7 | 16.3 | 12.8 | 66.7 | 13.9 |
| Barbecue/grill | 23.9 | 33.3 | 13.4 | 23.5 | 28.1 | 28.6 | 2.6 | 33.3 | 25.0 |
| Flour-based foods | 36.7 | 11.1 | 29.9 | 33.0 | 39.3 | 38.6 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 52.8 |
| Braised foods | 9.2 | 5.6 | 3.0 | 14.0 | 16.3 | 16.3 | 2.6 | 0 | 8.3 |
| Japanese/Korean foods | 7.3 | 5.6 | 4.5 | 13.8 | 15.7 | 10.0 | 15.4 | 66.7 | 13.9 |
| Other foods | 10.1 | 11.1 | 3.0 | 11.5 | 7.3 | 10.5 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 |
| constant (n = 53) | decreased (n = 8) | increased (n = 19) | constant (n = 196) | decreased (n = 37) | increased (n = 109) | constant (n = 4) | decreased (n = 0) | increased (n = 6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lockdown | |||||||||
| Ordering time | |||||||||
| Breakfast | 29.6 | 0 | 36.4 | 12.2 | 11.9 | 12.4 | 25 | - | 0 |
| Lunch | 50.0 | 75.0 | 31.8 | 58.9 | 57.1 | 54.9 | 100.0 | - | 66.7 |
| Dinner | 42.6 | 87.5 | 18.2 | 48.7 | 47.6 | 54.0 | 75.0 | - | 66.7 |
| Midnight snack | 40.7 | 25.0 | 40.9 | 24.4 | 33.3 | 42.5 | 0 | - | 0 |
| Type of food ordered | |||||||||
| Chinese dishes with rice | 37.0 | 25.0 | 27.3 | 33.5 | 40.5 | 44.2 | 50.0 | - | 33.3 |
| (Spicy) hot pot | 46.3 | 62.5 | 40.9 | 51.3 | 52.4 | 50.4 | 75.0 | - | 33.3 |
| Fried foods or hamburgers | 50.0 | 75.0 | 27.3 | 47.7 | 59.5 | 54.9 | 75.0 | - | 33.3 |
| Cakes/pastries or drinks | 48.1 | 50.0 | 27.3 | 39.6 | 42.9 | 49.6 | 50.0 | - | 16.7 |
| Simple western meals | 16.7 | 25.0 | 18.2 | 20.8 | 26.2 | 23.9 | 25.0 | - | 0 |
| Barbecue/grill | 25.9 | 50.0 | 13.6 | 27.4 | 35.7 | 27.4 | 25.0 | - | 33.3 |
| Flour-based foods | 31.5 | 25.0 | 31.8 | 28.4 | 26.2 | 31.0 | 25.0 | - | 0 |
| Braised foods | 16.7 | 25.0 | 4.5 | 17.8 | 23.8 | 15.0 | 0 | - | 0 |
| Japanese/Korean foods | 11.1 | 0 | 9.1 | 18.3 | 33.3 | 12.4 | 0 | - | 0 |
| Other foods | 18.5 | 12.5 | 13.6 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 9.7 | 0 | - | 0 |
Values are give as percentage or mean ± SD. SD, standard deviation. Values under a given variable were shown in bold, if the difference across educational levels (high school students, undergraduate students, and graduate students) within a given group of weight change status (constant, decreased, and increased) was significant (p < 0.05); and shown in italic, if the difference among the 3 groups of weight change status at a given educational level was significant (p < 0.05).