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. 2022 Apr 7;13:863957. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.863957

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The NF-κB signaling pathway controls C. parvum-induced Nostrill expression and parasite infection burden. (A) C. parvum-induced Nostrill expression is NF-κB-dependent in intestinal epithelial cells. IEC4.1 cells were pre-treated with the NF-кB inhibitors SC-514 (50 or 100 μM) or JSH-23 (15 or 30 μM) 1 h prior to C. parvum infection for 24 h. DMSO was used for as a negative control. (B) Validation of inhibition of NF-кB signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. Expression of Cxcl2, a NF-кB target gene, was measured after C. parvum infection of IEC4.1 cells with or without pretreatment with NF-кB inhibitors. (C) NF-κB signaling contributes to defense against C. parvum in IEC4.1 cells. IEC4.1 cells were pre-treated with the NF-кB inhibitors SC-514 (100 μM) or JSH-23 (30 μM) 1 h prior to C. parvum infection for 24 h. DMSO was used for as a negative control. C. parvum infection burden was quantified via qRT-PCR. Data represent means ± SEM from three independent experiments. Gapdh was used as a reference gene for normalization. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs control.