1 All‐cause mortality |
22 |
4431 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.16 [0.87, 1.55] |
1.1 ceftazidime |
8 |
2028 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.91 [0.54, 1.54] |
1.2 cefepime |
8 |
1570 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.84 [0.52, 1.37] |
1.3 cefoperazone‐sulbactam |
1 |
135 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.18 [0.42, 3.34] |
1.4 piperacillin‐tazobactam |
4 |
398 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.19 [1.05, 4.57] |
1.5 aztreonam |
1 |
300 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
3.77 [1.07, 13.23] |
2 All‐cause mortality ‐ sensitivity analysis allocation concealment |
22 |
4431 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.16 [0.87, 1.55] |
2.1 adequate |
10 |
2169 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.05 [0.66, 1.65] |
2.2 unclear |
11 |
2213 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.25 [0.85, 1.83] |
2.3 inadequate |
1 |
49 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.04 [0.07, 15.73] |
3 Infection related mortality |
17 |
3469 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.96 [0.60, 1.52] |
3.1 ceftazidime |
8 |
2025 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.95 [0.49, 1.85] |
3.2 cefepime |
5 |
832 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.17 [0.46, 3.00] |
3.3 cefoperazone‐sulbactam |
1 |
135 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.28 [0.06, 1.31] |
3.4 piperacillin‐tazobactam |
2 |
177 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.71 [0.11, 64.65] |
3.5 aztreonam |
1 |
300 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.71 [0.42, 7.03] |
4 Clinical failure |
25 |
5159 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.94 [0.89, 1.00] |
4.1 ceftazidime |
9 |
2340 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.86 [0.80, 0.94] |
4.2 cefepime |
7 |
1092 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.08 [0.91, 1.28] |
4.3 cefoperazone‐sulbactam |
3 |
776 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.19 [0.99, 1.43] |
4.4 piperacillin‐tazobactam |
5 |
666 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.93 [0.80, 1.07] |
4.5 aztreonam |
1 |
285 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.86 [0.69, 1.07] |
5 Clinical failure ‐ sensitivity analysis allocation concealment |
24 |
4874 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.95 [0.89, 1.01] |
5.1 adequate |
11 |
2447 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.98 [0.89, 1.08] |
5.2 unclear |
12 |
2378 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.93 [0.85, 1.01] |
5.3 inadequate |
1 |
49 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.39 [0.12, 1.30] |
6 Microbiological failure |
18 |
1266 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.97 [0.88, 1.08] |
6.1 ceftazidime |
8 |
633 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.97 [0.86, 1.10] |
6.2 cefepime |
5 |
307 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.01 [0.77, 1.32] |
6.3 cefoperazone‐sulbactam |
2 |
152 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.14 [0.52, 2.47] |
6.4 piperacillin‐tazobactam |
2 |
69 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.09 [0.88, 1.35] |
6.5 aztreonam |
1 |
105 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.63 [0.34, 1.17] |
7 Any modifications |
10 |
1968 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.89 [0.82, 0.96] |
7.1 ceftazidime |
7 |
1656 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.86 [0.79, 0.94] |
7.2 cefoperazone‐sulbactam |
1 |
135 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.01 [0.75, 1.37] |
7.3 piperacillin‐tazobactam |
2 |
177 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.00 [0.82, 1.22] |
8 Glycopeptide addition |
11 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
8.1 ceftazidime |
6 |
1429 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.70 [0.57, 0.86] |
8.2 cefepime |
2 |
269 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.70 [1.12, 2.59] |
8.3 cefoperazone‐sulbactam |
1 |
135 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.10 [0.71, 1.71] |
8.4 piperacillin‐tazobactam |
2 |
219 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.44 [1.04, 2.00] |
9 Antifungal drug addition |
14 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
9.1 ceftazidime |
7 |
1585 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.10 [0.84, 1.44] |
9.2 cefepime |
3 |
318 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.73 [0.93, 3.23] |
9.3 cefoperazone‐sulbactam |
1 |
135 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.96 [1.13, 3.39] |
9.4 piperacillin‐tazobactam |
3 |
356 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.75 [0.56, 1.01] |
10 Superinfection ‐ any |
10 |
2905 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.90 [0.71, 1.12] |
10.1 ceftazidime |
5 |
1578 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.83 [0.62, 1.09] |
10.2 cefepime |
2 |
455 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.19 [0.58, 2.48] |
10.3 cefoperazone‐sulbactam |
2 |
572 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.97 [0.59, 1.58] |
10.4 aztreonam |
1 |
300 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.03 [0.34, 3.11] |
11 Superinfection ‐ fungal |
6 |
1586 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.98 [0.53, 1.81] |
11.1 ceftazidime |
2 |
466 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.59 [0.48, 5.34] |
11.2 cefepime |
1 |
248 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.33 [0.30, 5.83] |
11.3 cefoperazone‐sulbactam |
2 |
572 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.73 [0.30, 1.75] |
11.4 aztreonam |
1 |
300 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.34 [0.01, 8.34] |
12 Superinfection ‐ bacterial |
6 |
1705 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.83 [0.49, 1.41] |
12.1 ceftazidime |
1 |
378 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.86 [0.34, 10.02] |
12.2 cefepime |
2 |
455 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.74 [0.31, 1.79] |
12.3 cefoperazone‐sulbactam |
2 |
572 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.80 [0.38, 1.70] |
12.4 aztreonam |
1 |
300 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.34 [0.01, 8.34] |
13 Adverse events ‐ any |
14 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
13.1 meropenem vs. other |
1 |
341 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.76 [0.29, 2.01] |
13.2 imipenem vs. other |
10 |
2901 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.68 [1.44, 1.96] |
13.3 Combined/other vs. other |
3 |
313 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.13 [0.70, 1.82] |
14 Adverse events requiring discontinuation |
11 |
2213 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.14 [0.68, 1.90] |
14.1 meropenem vs. other |
5 |
1185 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.35 [0.70, 2.61] |
14.2 imipenem vs. other |
5 |
912 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.85 [0.36, 1.99] |
14.3 Combined/other vs. other |
1 |
116 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
15 Adverse events ‐ seizures |
11 |
2966 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.80 [1.05, 7.42] |
15.1 meropenem vs. other |
2 |
582 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.04 [0.07, 16.52] |
15.2 imipenem vs. other |
8 |
2268 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
3.18 [1.10, 9.18] |
15.3 Combined/other vs. other |
1 |
116 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
16 Adverse events ‐ pseudomembranous colitis |
7 |
2408 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.80 [1.16, 2.77] |
16.1 cehalosporin +/‐ beta‐lactamase |
6 |
2025 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.94 [1.24, 3.04] |
16.2 aztreonam |
1 |
383 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.19 [0.01, 4.03] |
17 Adverse events ‐ gastrointestinal other than PMC |
14 |
3484 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.00 [1.63, 2.46] |
17.1 piperacillin‐tazobactam |
2 |
179 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.32 [0.84, 2.09] |
17.2 cehalosporin +/‐ beta‐lactamase |
11 |
2922 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.46 [1.93, 3.14] |
17.3 aztreonam |
1 |
383 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.61 [0.28, 1.31] |