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. 2022 Apr 7;13:851967. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.851967

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Copyright © 2022 Biswas, Coyle, Chen, Gostimir, Gonder and Chakrabarti

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Expression levels of lncRNAs in controls and patients diagnosed with varying stages of DR. Boxplots represent comparison between expression level of 9 specific lncRNAs (ANRIL, H19, HOTAIR, HULC, MALAT1, MEG3, MIAT, WISPER and ZFAS1) detected by RT-qPCR in control and patient groups (DM = diabetic patients with no retinopathy, NPDR = diabetic patients with non-proliferative DR, and PDR = diabetic patients with proliferative DR). The median and interquartile range (25^th -75^th percentile), are shown as solid horizontal lines. Two outliers from control samples I6 and A1 for MEG3 (86096.52 and 2022.94, respectively) were removed for better graphical representation of the results. Statistical significance was assessed using Mann-Whitney U test (*p<0.05, ***p<0.0005; N=11 for control patients, N=10 for DM patients, N=26 for NPDR patients, and N=23 for PDR patients). Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05.