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. 2022 Apr 7;13:876555. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.876555

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine in trophoblast and endothelial cell cultures by rh-S-protein. SARS-CoV-2 induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels in trophoblastic cells HTR8/SVNeo (A) and JEG3 (B) as well as PMVEC (C) and HEEC cultures (D) treated with 10, 100, or 1000 ng/ml rh-S-protein vs. mock-treated control treatment. Bars represent mean ± SEM, n=4; * P<0.05 vs. control; and IL-8 mRNA * P<0.05 vs. control or 10 or 1000 ng/ml rh-S protein (A, C, D). Secreted IL-6 and IL-8 protein levels in culture supernatants of HTR8 (E) and PMVECs (F) treated with control or 10 or 1000 ng/ml rh-S-protein. Bars represent mean ± SEM, n=3; * P<0.05 vs. control (E, F).