Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and demographics
| Tadalafil (n = 45) | Placebo (n = 23) | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.80 ± 7.25 | 58.87 ± 8.99 | 0.151 |
| IIEF-5 | 10.47 ± 4.55 | 9.57 ± 4.11 | 0.428 |
| IPSS | 13.98 ± 5.77 | 14.47 ± 8.08 | 0.231 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86.89 ± 8.96 | 89.67 ± 6.21 | 0.187 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.51 ± 3.05 | 26.59 ± 3.69 | 0.202 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 127.84 ± 14.51 | 129.70 ± 17.57 | 0.645 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 87.34 ± 11.74 | 86.68 ± 8.73 | 0.538 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.83 ± 0.77 | 6.77 ± 0.58 | 0.747 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 128.02 ± 24.95 | 120.70 ± 18.34 | 0.203 |
| Insulin (IU/mL) | 9.13 ± 9.14 | 10.04 ± 8.66 | 0.694 |
| C-peptide (ng/mL) | 1.77 ± 0.92 | 1.70 ± 0.77 | 0.686 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.05 ± 3.32 | 2.92 ± 2.51 | 0.870 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 142.31 ± 28.05 | 140.43 ± 31.98 | 0.804 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 140.40 ± 123.55 | 144.61 ± 54.57 | 0.877 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 44.42 ± 8.13 | 43.87 ± 9.50 | 0.803 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 76.89 ± 23.32 | 74.48 ± 26.29 | 0.701 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 16.10 ± 4.14 | 15.36 ± 5.84 | 0.549 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 ± 0.207 | 1.01 ± 0.29 | 0.858 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 80.88 ± 14.96 | 83.49 ± 22.39 | 0.618 |
| AST (IU/L) | 27.09 ± 10.38 | 27.91 ± 13.51 | 0.781 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 28.56 ± 11.52 | 28.57 ± 10.24 | 0.997 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 9.47 ± 6.33 | 8.13 ± 5.57 | 0.395 |
| Current smoker (%) | 14 (31.1) | 7 (30.4) | 0.954 |
| Current alcohol drinker (%) | 27 (62.2) | 16 (69.6) | 0.549 |
| Medication treatment for, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 30 (66.7) | 17 (73.9) | 0.541 |
| Dyslipidemia | 34 (75.6) | 17 (73.9) | 0.882 |
| Benign prostate hyperplasia | 20 (44.4) | 9 (39.1) | 0.675 |
| Number of concomitant antihyperglycemic medication, n (%) | |||
| 1 | 3 (6.7) | 3 (13.1) | 0.380 |
| 2 | 22 (48.9) | 11 (47.8) | 0.933 |
| ≥ 3 | 20 (44.4) | 9 (39.1) | 0.675 |
| Antihyperglycemic drugs | |||
| Sulfonylurea (%) | 17 (37.8) | 9 (39.1) | 0.913 |
| Metformin (%) | 40 (88.9) | 20 (86.9) | 0.814 |
| Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (%) | 38 (84.4) | 16 (69.6) | 0.151 |
| SGLT 2 inhibitors (%) | 11 (24.4) | 7 (30.4) | 0.596 |
| Antihypertensive drugs | |||
| Angiotensin receptor blockers (%) | 25 (55.5) | 16 (69.9) | 0.264 |
| Calcium channel blockers (%) | 15 (33.3) | 11 (39.1) | 0.244 |
| Diuretics (%) | 6 (13.3) | 5 (21.7) | 0.373 |
| Beta-receptor blockers (%) | 6 (13.3) | 3 (13) | 0.973 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or proportion (%)
IIEF, International Index of Erectile Function; IPSS, International Prostate Symptom Score; BP, blood pressure; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SGLT, sodium-glucose cotransporter
*P values were derived using paired Student’s t-test or Pearson’s Chi-square test