Table 3.

Secondary outcomes during the study follow-up period

	3 months from baseline			6 months from baseline
	Tadalafil (n = 45)	Placebo (n = 23)	P-value*	Tadalafil (n = 45)	Placebo (n = 23)	P-value*
IIEF-5	5.96 ± 5.26	0.78 ± 5.82	0.001	6.56 ± 5.32	2.22 ± 5.73	0.003
IPSS	− 4.34 ± 5.91	− 2.77 ± 6.86	0.330	− 4.38 ± 5.86	− 3.08 ± 7.27	0.428
Waist circumference (cm)	0.544 ± 2.45	0.848 ± 1.73	0.598	0.57 ± 3.61	1.44 ± 2.90	0.322
Body mass index (kg/m2)	0.10 ± 0.63	1.29 ± 5.81	0.176	0.29 ± 1.62	1.05 ± 5.99	0.429
Systolic BP (mmHg)	2.44 ± 16.67	− 2.78 ± 19.33	0.251	− 2.04 ± 18.42	− 3.65 ± 17.36	0.730
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	1.69 ± 10.88	− 0.35 ± 13.73	0.507	− 2.44 ± 12.58	1.61 ± 13.87	0.229
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)	− 1.40 ± 16.42	4.35 ± 22.09	0.230	− 6.40 ± 28.53	5.35 ± 17.77	0.046
Insulin (IU/mL)	− 0.88 ± 9.14	0.75 ± 8.90	0.484	− 0.78 ± 10.27	0.67 ± 10.92	0.592
C-peptide (ng/mL)	− 0.04 ± 0.88	0.21 ± 0.49	0.218	− 0.05 ± 0.99	0.18 ± 0.60	0.306
HOMA-IR	− 0.46 ± 3.26	0.18 ± 2.62	0.418	− 0.51 ± 3.58	0.32 ± 3.32	0.361
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)				− 6.47 ± 19.80	1.83 ± 1.67	0.106
Triglyceride (mg/dL)				− 12.82 ± 109.27	− 7.13 ± 49.25	0.813
HDL-C (mg/dL)				0.24 ± 6.13	1.0 ± 7.65	0.660
LDL-C (mg/dL)				− 2.67 ± 14.17	3.87 ± 14.54	0.079
BUN (mg/dL)				1.14 ± 5.15	1.79 ± 4.76	0.616
Creatinine (mg/dL)				− 0.047 ± 0.206	− 0.065 ± 0.143	0.701
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)				4.34 ± 9.76	5.85 ± 10.86	0.564
AST (IU/L)				0.27 ± 8.52	2.52 ± 15.49	0.440
ALT (IU/L)				− 1.49 ± 12.01	6.17 ± 8.39	0.008

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation

IIEF, International Index of Erectile Function; IPSS, International Prostate Symptom Score; BP, blood pressure; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate

^*P values were derived using Student’s t-test