Impact of IgE, IL-5, IL-5Rα, and IL-4Rα on type 2 inflammation in the upper and lower airway. IgE, IL-5, IL-5Rα, and IL-4Rα, which are the targets of currently available respiratory biologic medications, act on multiple cell types in the upper and lower airway including eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, epithelium, plasma cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle.