Table 3.
Associations between park access and mental health during the COVID19 pandemic, in the overall sample and in stratified models by child age group
| Outcome | Overall | Ages 6–10 | Ages 11–17 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | (95% CI) | p-value | β | (95% CI) | p-value | β | (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Child SDQ a | |||||||||
| Total difficulties score | -1.26 | (-2.25, -0.27) | 0.013 | -0.54 | (-1.77, 0.70) | 0.387 | -1.91 | (-3.23, -0.58) | 0.014 |
| Internalizing score | -0.67 | (-1.20, -0.13) | 0.014 | -0.01 | (-0.68, 0.66) | 0.965 | -1.04 | (-1.74, -0.33) | 0.010 |
| Externalizing score | -0.56 | (-1.16, 0.03) | 0.062 | -0.49 | (-1.24, 0.26) | 0.215 | -0.88 | (-1.66, 0.01) | 0.052 |
| Parent PHQ-4 b | |||||||||
| Total score | -0.89 | (-1.39, -0.40) | < 0.001 | -0.73 | (-1.34, -0.11) | 0.032 | -0.24 | (-0.85, 0.37) | 0.551 |
| Anxiety score | -0.39 | (-0.65, -0.12) | 0.005 | -0.27 | (-0.60, 0.06) | 0.128 | -0.15 | (-0.49, 0.19) | 0.478 |
| Depression score | -0.50 | (-0.77, -0.24) | < 0.001 | -0.46 | (-0.78, -0.14) | 0.010 | -0.08 | (-0.41, 0.24) | 0.691 |
aModels of child SDQ included adjustment for child age, gender, prior anxiety/depression, prior ADHD or behavioral problem, race/ethnicity, parent education, home ownership, school status, COVID-19 impact scale, and urbanicity
bModels of parent mental health included adjustment for parent gender, race/ethnicity, born outside the US, education, home ownership, COVID-19 impact scale, and urbanicity