Table 1. Details of samples used in the current study.

Group	Number of samples	Age range (years)	Treatment	Time of sample collection
Vaccinated pigtail macaques	11	3 ½-6	repRNA vaccine encoding full-length SARS-CoV-2 Spikea	42 days post 1st dose (prime-only, n = 9) or 14 days post 2nd dose (prime-boost, n = 2)
Vaccinated humans	15	18–55	100μg mRNA vaccine encoding full-length pre-fusion stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Moderna)	36 days post 1st dose
Convalescent rhesus macaques	12	2 ½-5	Infected twice with SARS-CoV-2 six weeks aparta	56 days post 1st infection (14 days post 2nd infection)
Convalescent humans	12	28–52	Naturally infected once with SARS-CoV-2 (mild disease)	Median 67 (IQR 62, 70) days post symptom onset

^aWithin each group of macaques, subgroups received slightly different treatments (described in S1 Table).