Table 1.
Demographics of COVID-19 versus control mother-infant dyads.
| Variable | Mean (SD) or N (%) Control N = 28 |
Mean (SD) or N(%) COVID-19 N = 31 |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age at delivery (years) | 29.8 (5.7) | 29.7 (5.6) | 0.96 |
| Maternal Race | 0.17 | ||
| Black | 5 (17.9%) | 2 (6.5%) | |
| White | 5 (17.9%) | 8 (25.8%) | |
| Asian | 1 (3.6%) | 2 (6.5%) | |
| Other | 14 (50.0%) | 19 (61.3%) | |
| Missing | 3 (10.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Maternal Ethnicity = Hispanic | 18 (64.3%) | 23 (74.2%) | 0.41 |
| Maternal Primary Language = English | 18 (64.3%) | 14 (45.2%) | 0.14 |
| Health Insurance = Public | 20 (71.4%) | 24 (77.4%) | 0.60 |
| Chronic health conditions | |||
| Any condition | 17 (60.7%) | 21 (67.7%) | 0.57 |
| Diabetes | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | N/A |
| Hepatitis C | 2 (7.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.13 |
| Hypertension | 2 (7.1%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.49 |
| Obesity | 4 (14.3%) | 3 (9.7%) | 0.58 |
| Thyroid condition | 4 (14.3%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.13 |
| Substance use disorder | 2 (7.1%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.49 |
| Other | 15 (53.6%) | 13 (41.9%) | 0.37 |
| Pregnancy co-morbidities | |||
| Any co-morbidity | 23 (82.1%) | 29 (93.6%) | 0.17 |
| Chorioamnionitis | 0 (0%) | 4 (12.9%) | 0.05 |
| Gestational diabetes | 6 (21.4%) | 4 (12.9%) | 0.38 |
| Preeclampsia/Gestational hypertension | 10 (35.7%) | 9 (29.0%) | 0.58 |
| Intrauterine growth restriction | 1 (3.6%) | 7 (22.6%) | 0.03 |
| Preterm labor | 0 (0%) | 2 (6.5%) | 0.17 |
| Other | 16 (57.1%) | 21 (67.7%) | 0.40 |
| Nicotine smoking | 2 (7.1%) | 2 (6.5%) | 0.31 |
| Delivery mode = C-section | 6 (21.4%) | 9 (29.0%) | 0.50 |
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 39.1 (1.3) | 39.3 (1.6) | 0.50 |
| Infant birth weight (g) | 3349 (513.9) | 3306 (547.4) | 0.76 |
| Infant sex = male | 15 (53.6%) | 16 (51.6%) | 0.69 |
| Breastfed infant | 26 (92.9%) | 30 (96.8%) | 0.49 |
| 5 min APGAR score | 8.8 (0.6) | 8.9 (0.5) | 0.32 |
| Infant length of hospitalization (days) | 3.5 (3.0) | 3.1 (2.1) | 0.59 |
| Infant ER visit within 30 days | 3 (11.1%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.24 |
| Infant re-hospitalization with 30 days | 3 (11.1%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.24 |
| Infant diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 within 30 days of delivery | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | N/A |
| NICU admissiona | 4 (14.3%) | 4 (12.9%) | 0.88 |
| Mother diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 within 30 days of delivery | 0 (0%) | N/A | N/A |
| Trimester of COVID-19 infection | N/A | N/A | |
| First | 3 (9.7%) | ||
| Second | 18 (58.1%) | ||
| Third | 10 (32.3%) | ||
| Gestational age at infection (weeks) | N/A | 24.0 (9.0) | N/A |
| Maternal symptoms of COVID-19 at time of SARS-CoV-2 positive testing | N/A | 28 (90.3%) | N/A |
| Maternal COVID-19 symptoms at delivery | N/A | N/A | |
| Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 with active symptoms at delivery | 1 (3.2%) | ||
| Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 and asymptomatic at delivery | 4 (12.9%) | ||
|
Recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection earlier in pregnancy (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Trimesters) |
26 (83.9%) | ||
| Hospitalized for COVID-19 | N/A | 2 (6.6%) | N/A |
ER emergency room, SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
aReasons for NICU admission were myelocystocele, apnea related to late prematurity, subgaleal hemorrhage, bradycardia, NAS, and TTN.