TABLE 1.

List of 15 national monitoring systems for antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens of animals described and analyzed in the study.

Country	Name of the national monitoring system
Finland	Finnish Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Consumption of Antimicrobial Agents (FINRES-Vet)
Sweden	Swedish Veterinary Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring (Svarm)
Sweden	Swedish Veterinary Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring—farm animal pathogens (SvarmPat)
The Czech Republic	Czech National Monitoring of Target Pathogens’ Antimicrobial Resistance (CZ NMTP)
Norway	Norwegian Monitoring Program for Antimicrobial Resistance in bacteria from feed, food and animals (NORM-VET)
Denmark	Technical University of Denmark / Danish Veterinary and Food Administration (DTU/VFA)*/**
Denmark	University of Copenhagen (UC)*
Denmark	Agricultural knowledge and innovation center (SEGES)*
The Netherlands	University of Utrecht (UU)*
The Netherlands	GD Animal Health Surveillance System
Germany	National Resistance Monitoring in Bacterial Pathogens of Animals (GERM-Vet)
Ireland	Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM)*
Spain	Spanish Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Clinical Animal Pathogens (Sistema Español de Vigilancia de Animales Enfermos—SEVAE)
Estonia	Veterinary and Food Laboratory / University of Life Sciences (VFL/ULS)*
France	French surveillance network for antimicrobial resistance in diseased animals (RESAPATH)

*Names of coordinating institutions were used to identify monitoring systems without official name for the purpose of this study. **During 2020, under the administration of the VFA, the coordination of this monitoring system has been gradually taken over by the Statens Serum Institut and the University of Copenhagen. DTU does however still supply data, e.g., for cattle pathogens.