TABLE 2.

Objectives of the 15 reviewed national monitoring systems for antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens of animals.

Monitoring objectives	Number of national monitoring systems (out of 15)
A. Monitoring AMR trends in animal bacterial pathogens to antimicrobials of interest for veterinary medicine	14
B. Detecting AMR emergences in animal bacterial pathogens to antimicrobials of interest for veterinary medicine	13
C. Monitoring AMR trends in animal bacterial pathogens to antimicrobials of interest for public health*	12
D. Detecting AMR emergences in animal bacterial pathogens to antimicrobials of interest for public health*	12
E. Informing veterinarians on AMR levels in animal bacterial pathogens, to help them in their antimicrobial treatment decisions	13
F. Developing antimicrobial therapy guidelines intended to veterinarians	6
G. Monitoring the impact of the National Action Plan (along with other possible indicators such as antimicrobial use data)	5
H. Advising policy makers on interventions to mitigate AMR	7
I. Better understanding the AMR epidemiological links between the animal and human sectors	6
J. Better understanding the AMR epidemiological links between the animal and environmental sectors	3
K. Better understanding the links between AMR and antimicrobial use data	8
L. Assessing the risk of AMR transmission between animals and humans via non-food related routes (e.g., by direct contact between humans and companion or food-producing animals)	7
M. Estimating the burden of AMR in animal health (e.g., attributable deaths and morbidity caused by infections with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in animals)	0
N. Other monitoring objective	0

*Many antimicrobials are of interest to both animal and public health. This objective was ticked only if the monitoring system does aim to provide useful AMR data in a public health perspective.