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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Mar 16;59(5):3233–3253. doi: 10.1007/s12035-022-02747-0

Figure 4. Oxidative stress reduces GSH levels and increases nSMase2-mediated ceramide generation in reactive astrocytes.

Figure 4

(A) Oxidative stress induced by treatment of heterozygous (+/fro) astrocytes for 1 h with 200 μM tBO2H led to the depletion of GSH (MCB labeling) and increase of ceramide and GFAP labeling, while nSMase2-deficient (fro/fro) astrocytes showed no increase of ceramide or GFAP levels. There is no colabeling of GSH with ceramide. (B) Inhibition of nSMase2 with GW4869 (10 μM) or restoration of GSH with NAcCys (500 μM) prevents ceramide generation induced by oxidative stress (100 μM tBO2H for 2 h).