Table 2.
Summary of complex NPs assayed for autoimmune and allergies diseases treatment.
| Nanoparticle | Cells implicated in immune response/tissue affected | Molecules regulated | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antisense oligonucleotides included in PEG/PVP | Convert DCs into a suppressive phenotype | [124] | |
| Small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNA) transported by small lipid NPs | Decrease the recruitment of monocytes | Silencing the expression of CCR2. | [125] |
| Iron oxide core coated with dextran and conjugated to siRNA | Antigen presenting cells | Down regulate the expression of MHC class I molecules. | [126] |
| Oligonucleotides complexed with pegylated cationic lipid NPs | Reduction of obstructive airway remodeling and CD68 immunoreactivity preventing airway inflammation in a model of asthma | Reduction of whole-lung IL-4 levels. | [127] |
| Polymer NPs with rapamycin | Decreased lymphocytic infiltration in a Sjogren's syndrome model. | [129] | |
| Iron NPs coated with MHC class I or II presenting specific peptides | Induce the expansion of antigen specific regulatory cells | [132], [133], [134] | |
| T cell epitope transported by gold particles-polyethylene glycol (PEG) complex NPs | Phagocyted by DCs. Expanded Foxp3+ Tregs. | [135], [136] | |
| Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) NPs with autoantigens and rapamycin(PLG). | Inhibit CD8+ and CD4+T cells activation and increase regulatory cells. | [137], [138] | |
| Liposomal NPs with inhibitory ligands and antigens | Induce B cell tolerance | Induce inhibitory antibodies | [139] |
| PLG NPs coating with red blood cell membranes | Use as target for pathological antibodies | [140] | |
| PLG NPs with antigens | Inhibit of Th2 response. | [141], [143] | |
| Myelin antigen coupled to PLG NPs | Reduced the presence of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes and macrophages in the central nervous system | [142] | |
| Self-antigen in QDs | Immunological tolerance | [40] | |
| Antigen-decorated PLA NPs particles | Inactivate pathogenic T cells and activated Tregs cells. Uptake by macrophages | [144] | |
| PLGA NPs delivering OVA and decorated with ligands for scavenger and mannose receptors. | Suppress airway eosinophilia and induce the presence of Foxp3+ Tregs in the lung. | Induction of TGF-β, IL-4, and IL-10 production in vitro. | [51] |
| Fucan-coated Silver NPs | Macrophages | Increase of IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α and nitric oxide. | [180] |