Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Study | Year | Country | Setting | Retrospective/prospective | Number of patients | Number of STIC | % STIC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carcangiu [21] | 2004 | Italy | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 26 | 2 | 7.69 | |
| Carcangiu [22] | 2006 | Italy | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 50 | 3 | 6.00 | |
| Lamb [23] | 2006 | USA | Tertiary centre | Prospective | 62 | 4 | 6.45 | |
| Hirst [24] | 2009 | Australia | Multicentre | Retrospective | 15 | 1 | 6.67 | |
| Rabban [25] | 2009 | USA | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 102 | 5 | 4.90 | |
| Shaw [26] | 2009 | Canada | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 176 | 15 | 8.52 | |
| Leonhardt [27] | 2011 | Germany | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 14 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Manchanda [28] | 2011 | London, UK | Tertiary centre | Prospective | 117 | 6 | 5.13 | |
| Powell [29] | 2011 | USA | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 111 | 5 | 4.50 | |
| Bacha [30] | 2012 | Canada | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 76 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Mingels [31] | 2012 | Netherlands | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 226 | 14 | 6.19 | |
| Powell [32] | 2013 | USA | Multicentre | Retrospective | 814 | 17 | 2.09 | |
| Reitsma [33] | 2013 | Netherlands | Tertiary centre | Prospective | 303 | 3 | 0.99 | |
| Wethington [34] | 2013 | USA | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 375 | 10 | 2.67 | |
| Cass [20] | 2014 | USA | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 78 | 8 | 10.26 | |
| Conner [35] | 2014 | USA | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 302 | 5 | 1.66 | |
| Sherman [36] | 2014 | USA | Multicentre | Prospective | 557 | 4 | 0.72 | |
| Malmberg [37] | 2016 | Sweden | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 42 | 1 | 2.38 | |
| Poon [38] | 2016 | Australia | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 72 | 3 | 4.17 | |
| Zakhour [39] | 2016 | USA | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 246 | 9 | 3.66 | |
| Ayres [40] | 2017 | Australia | Tertiary centre | Prospective | 12 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Bogani [41] | 2017 | Italy | Tertiary centre | Prospective | 57 | 2 | 3.51 | |
| Lee (1) [42] | 2017 | Australia | Multicentre | Prospective | 128 | 2 | 1.56 | |
| Lee (2) [43] | 2017 | Korea | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 36 | 2 | 5.56 | |
| Ricciardi [44] | 2017 | Italy | Tertiary centre | Prospective | 276 | 7 | 2.54 | |
| Artioli [45] | 2018 | Italy | Regional centre | Retrospective | 10 | 1 | 10.00 | |
| Minig [46] | 2018 | Spain | Multicentre | Retrospective | 354 | 3 | 0.85 | |
| Thompson [47] | 2018 | Ireland | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 46 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Vd Hoeven [48] | 2018 | Netherlands | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 235 | 2 | 0.85 | |
| Visvanathan [49] | 2018 | USA | Multicentre | Retrospective | 366 | 12 | 3.28 | |
| Wong [50] | 2018 | USA | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 197 | 3 | 1.52 | |
| Blok [51] | 2019 | Netherlands | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 527 | 4 | 0.76 | |
| Rudaitis [52] | 2019 | Lithuania | Tertiary centre | Prospective | 71 | 7 | 9.86 | |
| Stanciu [17] | 2019 | UK | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 244 | 6 | 2.46 | |
| Stewart [53] | 2019 | USA | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 61 | 3 | 4.92 | |
| Wilhite [54] | 2019 | USA | Multicentre | Retrospective | 290 | 7 | 2.41 | |
| Cheng [55] | 2020 | China | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 24 | 1 | 4.17 | |
| Gornjec [56] | 2020 | Slovenia | Tertiary centre | Retrospective | 145 | 3 | 2.07 | |
| Rush [57] | 2020 | USA | Tertiary centre | Prospective | 371 | 8 | 2.16 | |