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. 2022 Feb 7;126(8):1186–1195. doi: 10.1038/s41416-022-01716-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Tumour tissue from surgical resection was macrodissected and used for whole-exome sequencing to identify somatic mutations. A personalised ctDNA assay was developed for each patient. Tumour and buffy coat DNA were analysed using personalised assays to confirm somatic mutations and exclude clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Plasma samples were analysed using RaDaR^TM panels and high-depth sequencing and ctDNA detection reported per patient.