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. 2022 Feb 7;126(8):1186–1195. doi: 10.1038/s41416-022-01716-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Longitudinal monitoring of serial plasma samples from 17 patients, indicating when ctDNA was detected (red circle) or not detected (black circle) and whether the patient subsequently relapsed (inverted yellow triangle). ctDNA was detected in all pre-operative time points (purple square). The black dashed line extends across the x axis to the last clinical visit to date to indicate the total duration of follow-up for each patient. Patients were followed up for a median duration of 371 days (292–532 days) in the overall cohort, excluding one patient lost to follow-up (patient 12) and four deceased patients (2, 9, 13 and 14). Clinical or CT-morphological evidence of disease recurrence was not observed at the time of last follow-up visit in 12/17 cases profiled. The solid blue line indicates the lead time which is the interval between the first ctDNA-positive post-surgery sample and clinical confirmation of disease recurrence.