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. 2022 Apr 21;12:6570. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10281-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Immunogenicity of PVRV-NG vaccine in presence of human rabies immunoglobulin (hRIG) administered by intramuscular (IM) injection according to post-exposure prophylaxis regimen. In the preliminary experiment to set up the animal model, adult female hamsters (n = 12 per group) were vaccinated on Days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 by IM injection with 1:5 Human Dose of PVRV-NG in one group, and co-injected with hRIG (20 IU/kg) on Day 0 in another group. (a) Serum rabies virus neutralizing antibody (RVNA) levels were monitored by performing a fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test (FAVN) on blood samples collected on Days -7 (7 days prior to Day 0; pre-bleed), 3, 7, 14, 28, and 44. The lower level of detection in FAVN was of 0.26 IU/mL as shown by the dotted line. The continuous black line indicating 0.5 IU/mL is the WHO specified standard serum RVNA titer considered as an adequate immune response to rabies vaccination in humans. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. (b) Serum RVNA titers measured 7 days after the first immunization.