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. 2022 Apr 21;12:6548. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10311-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The impact of K3, K4, and K7 (1 µM) on resistant HOC/ADR spheroids formation after 24, 48, and 72 h exposure (A). Representative images of resistant HOC/ADR spheroids at 0 to 72 h of experiment (B), scale bar = 500 µm. The control spheroids (C) were treated with 1% V/V DMSO. After incubation, the spheroid areas were determined and the spheroid growth was calculated (A, relative to control). Data are expressed as the average of spheroid growth (%) of nine repetitions with the corresponding standard error of the mean. The statistical differences between the control spheroids and treated spheroids were calculated by using a two-compound t-test at the level *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.