TABLE 2.
Potential targets of dysregulated miRNAs of CRC.
| miRNAs | Dysregulation in CRC | Potential targets | Function | Pathway | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-135a/b | up-regulated | APC | potential noninvasive diagnostic marker | Wnt | (Nagel et al., 2008; Okugawa et al., 2015) |
| miR-142-5p | up-regulated | SDHB | proliferation and apoptosis | (Liu et al., 2017; Ghafouri-Fard et al., 2021) | |
| miR-142-3p | up-regulated | LGR5, IL-6, ABCG2, Numb, CTNNB1 | tumor suppressor | Wnt, Notch | (Li and Li, 2018; Huang et al., 2020; Yadav et al., 2020) |
| miR-21 | up-regulated | PDCD4, TPM1, PTEN, CCL20, hMSH2, PGE2 | non-invasive biomarker; cell proliferation and tumor metastasis | PI3K-Akt, Wnt, P53 | (Vicinus et al., 2012; Tili et al., 2013; Shi et al., 2016; Monteleone et al., 2019; Bautista-Sánchez et al., 2020; Ghafouri-Fard et al., 2021; Huang et al., 2021) |
| miR-92a | up-regulated | AQP8, BCL-2, KLF4, TGF-β, PTEN, p21, DKK3, SMAD7 | a blood and stool-based biomarker | TGF-β, PI3K-Akt, Wnt.P53 | (Chen et al., 2018; Fukada et al., 2020; Ghafouri-Fard et al., 2021) |
| miR-20a | up-regulated | Foxj2, PTEN, WTX | diagnostic biomarker | PI3K-Akt, Wnt | (Moody et al., 2019; Zhu et al., 2019) |
| miR-155 | up-regulated | AXIN1, TCF4, PTEN | oncogene; cell survival and growth | Wnt | (Prossomariti et al., 2018; Huang et al., 2021) |
| miR-224 | up-regulated | SMAD4, GSK3β, SFRP2, CDH1 | cancer metastasis; noninvasive biomarkers | TGF-β | (Li et al., 2016a; Ling et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2021) |
| miR-223 | up-regulated | RASA1 | tumor suppressor; carcinogenesis, development, progression, and metastasis | MAPK, Ras | (Li et al., 2014; Sun et al., 2015) |
| miR-27a | up-regulated | FOXJ3, SMAD4, FAM172A | diagnostic and prognostic Biomarkers | Wnt, Hippo, MAPK, FoxO | (Xu et al., 2017; Barisciano et al., 2020; Barisciano et al., 2021) |
| miR-200 family (miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c and miR-429) | up-regulated | RASSF2, ZEB1, ETS1, FLT1, E-cadherin, β-catenin | prognostic biomarker | Wnt | Hur et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2019) |
| miR-92a-3p | up-regulated | PTEN, P63, DUSP10, ITGA5, BMPR2 | oncogene | PI3K-Akt, FoxO, P53 | (Okugawa et al., 2015; Ahmadi et al., 2016) |
| miR-675-5p | up-regulated | RB | new therapeutic target; cell growth and malignant transformation | Wnt | (Tsang et al., 2010; Saieva et al., 2020) |
| miR-496 | up-regulated | RASSF6 | tumor progression and metastasis | Wnt | Wang et al., (2020a) |
| miR-346-5p | up-regulated | FBXL2 | therapeutic target | Wnt | Pan et al., (2020) |
| miR-203 | up-regulated | EIF5A2, BIRC5 (survivin), ATM | tumor suppressor | Wnt | Nagel et al., (2008) |
| miR-146a | up-regulated | Numb, c-met | tumor suppressor | Wnt | (Hwang et al., 2014; Bleau et al., 2018) |
| miR-135b | up-regulated | DAPK1, APC, TGFBR2 | noninvasive diagnostic markers; proliferation and migration | Wnt, MAPK, FoxO, TGF-β | (Valeri et al., 2014; Huang et al., 2021) |
| miR-301a | up-regulated | TGFBR2 | proliferation, migration and invasion | Wnt, MAPK, FoxO, TGF-β | Zhang et al., (2014) |
| miR-19b | up-regulated | SMAD4 | proliferation and mediates | Wnt, Hippo, FoxO, TGF-β | Jiang et al., (2017) |
| miR-1269 | up-regulated | SMAD7, HOXD10 | potential marker | TGF-β | Bu et al., (2015) |
| miR-4775 | up-regulated | SMAD7 | metastasis and recurrence | TGF-β, Hippo | Zhao et al., (2017) |
| miR-581 | up-regulated | SMAD7 | metastasis; therapeutic target | TGF-β, Hippo | Du et al., (2020) |
| miR-4260 | up-regulated | MCC, SMAD4 | therapeutic target; proliferation, migration | PI3K/AKT | Xiao et al., (2017) |
| miR-425-5p | up-regulated | GSK3B, MAP3K5 | Oncogene | PI3K/AKT | Angius et al., (2019) |
| miR-335 | up-regulated | ZEB2, RASA1 | tumor suppressor | EMT | (Sun et al., 2014; Sun et al., 2021) |
| miR-34a | down-regulated | MYC, SIRT1 | biomarker, autophagy and malignancy | Notch, AKT, p53 | (Meng et al., 2021; Zhao et al., 2022) |
| miR-29a | down-regulated | KLF4, PTEN, STAT3 | noninvasive biomarkers; cell invasion | PI3K-Akt, JAK/STAT3 | (Tang et al., 2014; Zhu et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2020b) |
| miR-143 | down-regulated | MYO6 | tumor suppressor | Luan et al., (2020) | |
| miR-145 | down-regulated | c-Myc, ERK5, SOX9 | proliferation, migration and invasion | PI3K/AKT | (Ibrahim et al., 2011; Xu et al., 2018) |
| miR-31 | down-regulated | RASA1, CDKN2B | development and progression | MAPK, Ras | (Kent et al., 2016; Xia et al., 2019) |
| miR-150 | down-regulated | β-catenin | CRC tumorigenesis | Wnt | (He et al., 2020; Ghafouri-Fard et al., 2021) |
| miR-150-5p | down-regulated | CTNNB1 | tumor suppressor; cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis | Wnt, Hippo | (Aherne et al., 2015; Zhou et al., 2020) |
| miR-144-3p | down-regulated | BCL6 | proliferation; prognostic and therapeutic target | Wnt, FoxO | Sun et al., (2020) |
| miR-377-3p | down-regulated | ZEB2, XIAP | proliferation and migration; tumorigenesis and metastasis | Wnt | Huang et al., (2020) |
| miR-532-3p | down-regulated | ETS1, TGM2 | tumor suppressor | Wnt | Gu et al., (2019) |
| miR-455-3p | down-regulated | HSF1 | tumor suppressor; proliferation | Song et al., (2020) | |
| miR-139-5p | down-regulated | NOTCH1, AMFR, ZEB1, CTNNB1 | migration and invasion | Wnt, NOTCH | (Song et al., 2014; Du et al., 2020) |
| miR-187 | down-regulated | SOX4, NT5E, PTK6 | tumor suppressor; proliferation and migration; prognostic and therapeutic biomarker | TGF-β | Zhang et al., (2016) |
| miR-375 | down-regulated | YAP1, SP1 | molecular biomarker | Hippo | Xu et al., (2019) |
| miR-532 | down-regulated | IGF-1R | proliferation, metastasis | PI3K/AKT | Song et al., (2018) |
| miR-125a-3p | down-regulated | FUT5, FUT6 | migration, invasion and angiogenesis | PI3K/Akt | Liang et al., (2017) |
| miR-4689 | down-regulated | KRAS, AKT1 | therapeutic agent | PI3K/Akt, Ras | Hiraki et al., (2015) |
| miR-195 | down-regulated | Notch2, YAP1, IGF1R, RAF-1 | tumor suppressor | PI3K/Akt, Notch | (Ye et al., 2016; Sun et al., 2017; Lin et al., 2019) |
| miR-192 | down-regulated | ZEB2, Bcl-2, VEGFA | biological markers | EMT | Geng et al., (2014) |
| miR-218 | down-regulated | ZEB2, N-cadherin, CTGF | invasion and metastasis | EMT | (Mudduluru et al., 2015; Lun et al., 2018) |