Table 1.
Characteristics of people eligible for the CO@h programme from 1 October 2020 to 3 May 2021, before and after implementation at each site
| Total | Pre-implementation | Post-implementation | P value for difference | ||||
| Number | Percentage (%) | Number | Percentage (%) | Number | Percentage (%) | ||
| Age category (years) and clinically extremely vulnerable status | |||||||
| 18–49 and CEV | 48 502 | 22.3 | 15 364 | 20.5 | 33 138 | 23.2 | |
| 50–64 and CEV | 31 538 | 14.5 | 10 319 | 13.8 | 21 219 | 14.9 | |
| 65–79 and not CEV | 100 582 | 46.2 | 36 401 | 48.6 | 64 181 | 45.0 | <0.001 |
| 65–79 and CEV | 15 736 | 7.2 | 5726 | 7.6 | 10 010 | 7.0 | |
| 80+ and not CEV | 14 145 | 6.5 | 4875 | 6.5 | 9270 | 6.5 | |
| 80+ and CEV | 7147 | 3.3 | 2215 | 3.0 | 4932 | 3.5 | |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 118 311 | 54.4 | 39 701 | 53.0 | 78 610 | 55.1 | |
| Male | 95 655 | 43.9 | 33 896 | 45.3 | 61 759 | 43.3 | <0.001 |
| Missing | 3684 | 1.7 | 1303 | 1.7 | 2381 | 1.7 | |
| Ethnicity | |||||||
| White | 157 815 | 72.5 | 58 112 | 77.6 | 99 703 | 69.8 | |
| Asian/Asian British | 36 482 | 16.8 | 10 725 | 14.3 | 25 757 | 18.0 | |
| Black/African/Caribbean/Black British | 8386 | 3.9 | 1631 | 2.2 | 6755 | 4.7 | <0.001 |
| Mixed/Multiple ethnic groups | 2550 | 1.2 | 685 | 0.9 | 1865 | 1.3 | |
| Other ethnic group | 4548 | 2.1 | 1076 | 1.4 | 3472 | 2.4 | |
| Missing | 7869 | 3.6 | 2671 | 3.6 | 5198 | 3.6 | |
| Index of multiple deprivation decile | |||||||
| 1 (most deprived) | 28 245 | 13.0 | 11 697 | 15.6 | 16 548 | 11.6 | |
| 2 | 27 425 | 12.6 | 9207 | 12.3 | 18 218 | 12.8 | |
| 3 | 25 417 | 11.7 | 8038 | 10.7 | 17 379 | 12.2 | |
| 4 | 22 911 | 10.5 | 7233 | 9.7 | 15 678 | 11.0 | <0.001 |
| 5 | 21 104 | 9.7 | 6884 | 9.2 | 14 220 | 10.0 | |
| 6 | 20 075 | 9.2 | 6510 | 8.7 | 13 565 | 9.5 | |
| 7 | 19 413 | 8.9 | 6691 | 8.9 | 12 722 | 8.9 | |
| 8 | 19 030 | 8.7 | 6839 | 9.1 | 12 191 | 8.5 | |
| 9 | 18 235 | 8.4 | 6380 | 8.5 | 11 855 | 8.3 | |
| 10 (least deprived) | 15 746 | 7.2 | 5409 | 7.2 | 10 337 | 7.2 | |
| Missing | 49 | 0.0 | 12 | 0.0 | 37 | 0.0 | |
| Body mass index | |||||||
| Underweight | 2370 | 1.1 | 724 | 1.0 | 1646 | 1.2 | |
| Healthy weight | 45 180 | 20.8 | 15 181 | 20.3 | 29 999 | 21.0 | |
| Overweight | 73 239 | 33.6 | 25 648 | 34.2 | 47 591 | 33.3 | <0.001 |
| Obese | 85 834 | 39.4 | 29 770 | 39.7 | 56 064 | 39.3 | |
| Missing | 11 027 | 5.1 | 3577 | 4.8 | 7450 | 5.2 | |
| Smoking status | |||||||
| Never smoker | 119 431 | 54.9 | 39 901 | 53.3 | 79 530 | 55.7 | |
| Ex-smoker | 66 438 | 30.5 | 24 770 | 33.1 | 41 668 | 29.2 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 27 714 | 12.7 | 8862 | 11.8 | 18 852 | 13.2 | |
| Missing | 4067 | 1.9 | 1367 | 1.8 | 2700 | 1.9 | |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Hypertension | 88 358 | 40.6 | 30 548 | 40.8 | 57 810 | 40.5 | 0.194 |
| Chronic cardiac disease | 35 300 | 16.2 | 12 482 | 16.7 | 22 818 | 16.0 | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3346 | 1.5 | 1070 | 1.4 | 2276 | 1.6 | 0.003 |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 63 790 | 29.3 | 22 514 | 30.1 | 41 276 | 28.9 | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 2763 | 1.3 | 790 | 1.1 | 1973 | 1.4 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 68 444 | 31.4 | 21 558 | 28.8 | 46 886 | 32.8 | <0.001 |
| Chronic neurological disease (including epilepsy) | 9330 | 4.3 | 3004 | 4.0 | 6326 | 4.4 | <0.001 |
| Learning disability | 1496 | 0.7 | 459 | 0.6 | 1037 | 0.7 | 0.002 |
| Malignancy or immunosuppression | 44 757 | 20.6 | 15 553 | 20.8 | 29 204 | 20.5 | 0.092 |
| Severe mental illness | 4424 | 2.0 | 1358 | 1.8 | 3066 | 2.1 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 3645 | 1.7 | 1381 | 1.8 | 2264 | 1.6 | <0.001 |
| Stroke or transient ischaemic attack | 10 834 | 5.0 | 3680 | 4.9 | 7154 | 5.0 | 0.316 |
| Deaths within 28 days of positive COVID-19 test | 5616 | 2.6 | 1476 | 2.0 | 4140 | 2.9 | <0.001 |
| Patients with at least one ED attendance within 28 days of positive COVID-19 test | 43 250 | 19.9 | 9965 | 13.3 | 24 285 | 17.0 | <0.001 |
| Patients with at least one emergency admission within 28 days of positive COVID-19 test | 26 529 | 12.2 | 7539 | 10.1 | 18 990 | 13.3 | <0.001 |
| Critical care use of those admitted | 4275 | 16.1 | 1248 | 16.6 | 3027 | 15.9 | 0.220 |
| Total | 217 650 | 74 900 | 34.4 | 142 750 | 65.6 | ||
CEV, clinically extremely vulnerable; CO@h, COVID Oximetry @home.