FIGURE 1.

Diagrammatic representation of the complex components of epigenetics and nucleotide excision repair in a eukaryotic nucleus. Eukaryotic genomic DNA is wrapped around a histone octamer to form a nucleosome, which is the repeating unit of the chromatin. Chromatin fiber is folded into a hierarchy of loops and coils to form topologically associating domains (TADs). In this way, eukaryotic DNA is compacted into chromosomes in a nucleus. Each chromosome has its own territory (shown as different colors) in the nucleus. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) removes a wide range of DNA damage (denoted as red star) in cellular DNA and NER machinery requires access to damaged DNA in chromatin. Modifications of histone tails, such as acetylation, methylation, ubiquitylation and phosphorylation (shown as various colored shapes), and chromatin remodeling catalyzed by remodelers (shown as a purple crescent) affect the genome architecture and thus regulate the NER process.