Table 1.
Demographic Data of Sample.
| n (%) | |
|---|---|
| The bereaved participant’s sex | |
| Female | 179 (34.5) |
| Male | 337 (64.9) |
| No response | 3 (0.6) |
| The bereaved participant’s race/ethnicity | |
| Asian | 131 (25.2) |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 39 (7.5) |
| Black or African American | 48 (9.2) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 21 (4.0) |
| White or Caucasian | 270 (52.0) |
| Mixed/biracial/multiracial | 4 (0.8) |
| Prefer not to say | 4 (0.8) |
| No response | 2 (0.4) |
| The deceased’s relation to the bereaved | |
| Spouse/partner | 28 (5.4) |
| Parent | 76 (14.6) |
| Grandparent | 150 (28.9) |
| Child | 4 (0.8) |
| Sibling | 13 (2.5) |
| Aunt or uncle | 48 (9.2) |
| Cousin | 53 (10.2) |
| Niece or nephew | 7 (1.3) |
| Friend | 127 (24.5) |
| Other | 2 (0.4) |
| No response | 2 (0.4) |
| The deceased’s sex | |
| Female | 189 (36.4) |
| Male | 325 (62.6) |
| Nonbinary | 1 (0.2) |
| No response | 4 (0.8) |
| Cause of death | |
| Natural causes (e.g., old age) | 90 (17.3) |
| Cancer | 26 (5.0) |
| Heart disease or heart failure/attack | 41 (7.9) |
| COVID-19 | 291 (56.1) |
| Chronic lower respiratory diseases (e.g., COPD, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis) | 11 (2.1) |
| Dementia | 4 (0.8) |
| Alzheimer’s disease | 3 (0.6) |
| Accidents (unintentional injuries) | 9 (1.7) |
| Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases) | 3 (0.6) |
| Diabetes | 10 (1.9) |
| Natural disaster | 13 (2.5) |
| Manmade disaster | 4 (0.8) |
| Suicide | 10 (1.9) |
| Other (kidney failure and liver failure) | 2 (0.4) |
| No response | 2 (0.4) |
N = 519.