Table 2.
Study | Subjects | Take-Home Points |
---|---|---|
Karatas S. et al. (2021) 25 | N = 85 adults with type 2 diabetes in Istanbul, Turkey Mean age: 54.81 years Female: 68.2% Mean BMI: 33.44 kg/m2 Duration of diabetes: 11.71 years Mean HbA1c: 8.52% N = 55 non-diabetic (control) subjects in Istanbul, Turkey Mean age: 52.61 years Female: 56.4% Mean BMI: 31.63 kg/m2 Mean HbA1c: 5.46% |
BMI and Weight Significant weight gain in non-diabetic subjects during lockdown .54 ± .95 kg, P = .001 Significant weight gain in diabetic subjects during lockdown: 1.91 ± 5.48 kg, P = .002 No significant difference in weight gain between non-diabetic and diabetic subjects during lockdown: .54 ± .95 kg gain (non-diabetic), and +1.91 ± 5.48 kg gain (diabetic), P = .069 No significant difference in change in BMI between non-diabetic and diabetic subjects during lockdown: .20 ± .36 kg/m2 (non-diabetic) and .71 ± 2.11 kg/m2 (diabetic), P = .075 Diabetes parameters Significant increase in HbA1c in diabetic subjects: 8.54 ± 1.56% to 9.26 ± 1.70%, P < .001 Non-significant increase in HbA1c in non-diabetic subjects: 5.46 ± .32% to 5.48 ± .33%, P = .387 Significant increase in fasting glucose in diabetic subjects: 184.38 ± 62.92 mg/dl to 224.08 ± 89.01 mg/dl, P < .001 Non-significant decrease in fasting glucose in non-diabetic subjects 94.90 ± 11.41 mg/dl to 94.40 ± 9.30 mg/dl, P = .396 Significant difference in HbA1c change between non-diabetic subjects (.02 ± .19%) and diabetic subjects (.71 ± 1.35%), P = .002 Lipid parameters Non-significant increase in LDL-C in diabetic subjects: 122.07 ± 33.06 mg/dl to 129.68 ± 30.52 mg/dl, P = .077 Non-significant decrease in LDL-C in non-diabetic subjects: 137.88 ± 36.5 mg/dl to 134.35 ± 29.71 mg/dl, P = .089 Significant increase in TG in diabetic subjects: 229.97 ± 162.56 to 288.18 ± 186.78 mg/dl, P = .030 Non-significant decrease in TG in non-diabetic subjects: 143.56 ± 86.44 mg/dl to 137.09 ± 54.68 mg/dl, P = .256 Non-significant increase in HDL-C in diabetic subjects: 43.84 ± 9.19 to 44.94 ± 9.83, P = .220 Significant decrease in HDL-C in non-diabetic subjects: 55.34 ± 12.66 to 53.45 ± 12.31, P = .001 |
Munekawa C. et al. (2021) 26 | N = 203 adults with T2D Mean age: 67.4 years Female: 37.9% Insulin dependence: 33.5% |
Weight Non-significant mean weight gain from 65.6 ± 15.3 kg before pandemic to 65.8 ± 15.2 kg after, P = .126 Diabetes parameters Significant increase in HbA1c from 7.5 ± 1.0% before pandemic to 7.6 ± 1.0% after, P = .001 |
Sohn M. et al. (2021) 27 | N = 1485 adults Mean age: 61.8 years Female: 49% |
BMI Significantly more weight gain during the pandemic compared to years prior: −.34 ± 2.18 (2017–2018); −.39 ± 3.03 kg (2018–2019); +.09 ± 1.16 kg (2019–2020), P < .05 Cardiometabolic parameters Significantly larger increase in HbA1c during pandemic compared to years prior: −.04 ± .82 (2016–2017); +.03 ± .79 (2017–2018); +.05 ± .78 (2018–2019); and +.07 ± .93% (2019–2020), P < .05 Significantly larger change in 10-year CHD risk score during the pandemic compared to years prior: −.2 ± 5.4% (2016–2017); −.2 ± 5.3% (2017–2018); −.7 ± 6.0% (2018–2019); and +1.0 ± 6.2% (2019–2020), P < .05 |
Tanji Y. et al. (2021) 29 | N = 1009 adults with T2D in Japan Female: 34.9% Mean age: 64.0 years Mean BMI: 26.4 ± 11.9% Mean HbA1c: 7.8% Insulin dependent: 31.2% |
BMI No significant changes in BMI before to after the pandemic: 26.4 kg/m2 (before), 26.4 kg/m2 (after), P > .05 Diabetes parameters Significant mean increase in HbA1c in all subjects, from 7.45% before the pandemic to 7.53% during the pandemic, P < .05 When stratified, significant increase in HbA1c for subjects with initial HbA1c < 7.0%: From 6.42% (before) to 6.60% (after), P < .0001, but no significant increase in HbA1c for subjects with initial HbA1c > 7.0%: 7.89% (before) to 7.92% (after), P = .342 When stratified, significant increase in HbA1c from before to after the pandemic for individuals ≥ 65 years, females, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, non-insulin users, P < .05 |
Falcetta P. et al. (2021) 30 | N = 304 adults with T2D in Italy Female: 34.9% Mean age: 69.1 years Mean duration of T2D: 16 years Hypertension: 75.3% Dyslipidemia: 67.4% Insulin dependent: 34.2% |
BMI and weight Significant increase in BMI from before to during lockdown: 29.2 kg/m2 to 29.3 kg/m2, P = .032 Significant increase in weight from before to during lockdown: 81.5 kg to 81.8 kg, P = .023 Significant increase in waist circumference from before to during lockdown: 204.4 ± 12.4 cm to 105 ± 13.9 cm, P = .001 Diabetes parameters No significant difference in fasting plasma glucose before and during lockdown: 8.6 ± 2.1 mmol/l (before) and 8.8 ± 2.5 mmol/l (After), P = .353 No significant difference in A1c before and during lockdown: 7.1 ± .9% (before) and 7.1 ± .9% (during), P = .60 When stratified by insulin use, significantly more insulin users had an A1c increase (28.8%), compared to non-insulin users (16.5%), P = .012 Cardiac parameters Significant decrease in mean Tchol from before to during lockdown: 4.2 ± 0.8 mmol/l to 4.0 ± 0.8 mmol/l, P = .021 Significant decrease in mean HDL from before to during lockdown 1.3 ± .3 mmol/l to 1.2 ± .3 mmol/l, P = .008 Significant decrease in mean LDL from before to during lockdown 2.2 ± .7 mmol/l to 2.1 ± .7 mmol/l, P = .006 Non-significant increase in mean TG from before to during lockdown: 1.5 ± .9 mmol/l to 1.6 ± .9 mmol/l, P = .379 |
Sankar P. et al. (2020) 31 | N = 110 adults with T2D in Kerala, India Mean age: 58.67 years Female: 61.8% Insulin dependent: 46.4% Heart disease: 10.9% |
Weight No significant change in weight from before the pandemic 71.5 ± 14.8 kg, to during the pandemic, 71.8 ± 13.6 kg Diabetes parameters No significant change in A1c from before the pandemic 8.12 ± 1.6%, to during the pandemic 8.2 ± 1.3% |
Ruissen M. et al. (2021) 35 | N = 280 adults with T1D in the Netherlands Mean age: 50.1 years Female: 46.1% Mean BMI: 25.9 kg/m2 Mean duration of DM: 27.5 years Higher education: 59.6% Insulin dependence: 99.6% N = 155 adults with T2D in the Netherlands Mean age: 62.5 years Female: 54% Mean BMI: 30.2 kg/m2 Mean duration of DM: 15.8 years Higher education: 57.0% Insulin dependence: 56.0% |
Weight 40.9% of participants reported weight gain during the pandemic, while 12% reported weight loss 10% of participants reported more exercise during the pandemic, while 45.7% reported less exercise Diabetes parameters Decrease in A1c in T1D subjects from 7.68 ± 1.2% before the pandemic to 7.52 ± 1.1% after the pandemic (P < .0001) No improvement in HbA1c in T2D overall In T2D with high baseline HbA1c (> 8.16%), decrease in HbA1c by .62% from before to during the pandemic, P = .0036 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus; Tchol, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; CHD, coronary heart disease.