Table 3.
Disease severity according to main etiological group. CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannulae; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit.
| RSV | Not-RSV | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 162 | n = 54 # | ||
| Sex, n (%) | 0.43 | ||
| • Female | 76 (46.91) | 22 (40.74) | |
| • Male | 86 (53.09) | 32 (59.26) | |
| Age (months), median (IQR) | 2 (1–5) | 4 (1.69–11) | 0.004 |
| Co-morbidities, n (%) n (%) | 27 (16.67) | 14 (25.93) | 0.13 |
| Gestazional age, n (%) | 0.77 | ||
| • <34 weeks | 6/161 (3.73) | 2/53 (3.77) | |
| • 34–36 weeks | 13/161 (8.07) | 6/53 (11.32) | |
| • ≥37 weeks | 142/161 (88.20) | 45/53 (84.91) | |
| Chronic lung disease of prematurity, n (%) | 1 (0.62) | 2 (3.70) | 0.09 |
| Congenital heart disease, n (%) | 5 (3.09) | 1 (1.85) | 0.53 |
| Neuromuscolar Disease, n (%) | 3 (1.85) | 2 (3.70) | 0.68 |
| Other comorbidities, n (%) | 10 (6.17) | 2 (3.70) | 0.38 |
| Siblings n (%) | 96 (59.26) | 27 (50) | 0.23 |
| Palivizumab | 0 | 0 | |
| Admitted to hospital, n (%) | 130 (80.25) | 37 (68.52) | 0.06 |
| Admitted to PICU, n (%) | 9 (5.56) | 3 (5.56) | 0.61 |
| Admitted to PICU within the first 7 days since initial evaluation, n (%) | 22 (13.58) | 4 (7.41) | 0.7 |
| Need for nasogastric fluids *, n (%) | 3 (1.85) | 0 | 0.42 |
| Intravenous fluids *, n (%) | 95 (58.64) | 24 (44.44) | 0.07 |
| Need for Oxygen Low Flow, n (%) | 74 (45.68) | 18 (33.33) | 0.11 |
| Need for High Flow Oxygen *, n (%) | 57 (35.19) | 21 (38.89) | 0.62 |
| CPAP *, n (%) | 24 (14.81) | 3 (5.56) | 0.05 |
| Mechanica ventilation *, n (%) | 1 (0.62) | 1 (1.85) | 0.43 |
| Salbutamol nebulization, n (%) | 65 (40.12) | 15 (27.78) | 0.1 |
| Other bronchodilator, n(%) | 14 (8.64) | 2 (3.70) | 0.19 |
| Corticosteroid treatment, n (%) | 38 (23.46) | 7 (12.96) | 0.1 |
| Antibiotic treatment, n (%) | 51 (31.48) | 9 (16.67) | 0.03 |
* Calculated if anytime needed within the first seven days since the initial hospital evaluation. # calculated on the number of single children with a non-RSV microbiological diagnosis (therefore, a total of 54 children with an alternative microbiological diagnosis, some of which had co-infections). Other bronchodilator, ipratropium; corticosteroid treatment, any intravenous or oral steroid treatment administered.